摘要
随着不锈钢和特种钢需求的持续增长,高碳铬铁渣作为高碳铬铁冶炼的副产物,其产量逐年上升,其中含有的Cr2O3对生态环境及人类健康构成了潜在威胁。分析了高碳铬铁渣的化学成分及矿相特性,并综述了其在建筑材料(如水泥、混凝土、轻骨料)和功能材料(如陶瓷、微晶玻璃、耐火材料)等领域的国内外最新研究进展。研究表明,高碳铬铁渣具备较高的硬度和稳定的晶体结构,适用于制备高性能的绿色建材和功能材料,但目前在工业应用中的案例仍然较少。未来应进一步研究高碳铬铁渣与其他工业固废(如高炉渣、钢渣、钛渣等)的协同处置机制,以及降低铬元素浸出风险的途径。同时,需要进一步发展干法余热回收与二次金属回收的工艺,以推动能源与资源的高效利用。建立产品与环境影响的长期评价体系及相应的标准规范,以促进高碳铬铁渣的综合利用朝向低能耗、高附加值和绿色化的方向发展。
With the continuous increase in global demand for stainless steel and special alloy steels,the output of high-carbon ferrochrome slag,a by-product of high-carbon ferrochrome smelting,has risen steadily.Currently,the predominant treatment method for high-carbon ferrochrome slag is landfilling,which occupies large areas of land and presents significant environmental risks.Due to the presence of Cr_(2)O_(3) in the slag,trivalent chromium(Cr^(3+))can be partially oxidized into hexavalent chromium(Cr^(6+))during weathering,posing potential hazards to ecosystems and human health.This study analyzes the chemical composition and mineralogical characteristics of high-carbon ferrochrome slag,revealing that its major crystalline phases include forsterite(Mg_(2)SiO_(4)),cordierite(Mg_(2)Al_(4)Si_(5)O_(18)),and spinel phases such as Mg(Al,Cr)_(2)O_(4).Notably,most chromium is immobilized within the spinel phases,which greatly reduces its leaching potential and environmental impact.Based on these mineral features,this paper reviews recent global research progress on its application in construction materials(such as cement,concrete,and lightweight aggregates)and functional materials(such as ceramics,glass-ceramics,and refractories).Studies have shown that high-carbon ferrochrome slag possesses high hardness,a stable crystal structure,and a low chromium leaching risk,making it suitable for the preparation of construction materials such as cement mortar,concrete,and lightweight aggregates.In addition,when combined with other minerals or solid wastes,high-carbon ferrochrome slag can form high-temperature-resistant phases such as cordierite,spinel,and forsterite through appropriate sintering and modification processes,thereby meeting the requirements for the production of high-performance ceramics and glass-ceramics.However,industrial-scale applications of high-carbon ferrochrome slag in these fields remain limited.Future research should focus on several key areas.First,regarding the synergistic utilization of multi-source industrial wastes,high-carbon ferrochrome slag can be combined with fly ash,blast furnace slag,and titanium-bearing slags to explore waste-to-resource strategies through coupled reaction mechanisms and heat treatment processes.This can enhance composite material properties and mitigate chromium leaching risks.Second,concerning waste heat utilization and metal recovery,dry-type heat recovery technologies should be prioritized due to the high tapping temperature and sensible heat of molten high-carbon ferrochrome slag.Furthermore,combining techniques such as carbonization,crushing,screening,magnetic separation,and secondary smelting can improve the recovery rate of ferrochrome alloy,thereby increasing energy efficiency and resource utilization while reducing the environmental hazards posed by chromium.Third,it is essential to establish comprehensive life cycle assessment(LCA)systems and long-term environmental impact evaluation standards to ensure the safety and sustainability of the products.These efforts will contribute to promoting the comprehensive utilization of high-carbon ferrochrome slag toward low energy consumption,high-value utilization,and environmental sustainability.
作者
谭瑞松
王有义
宋波
王海娟
TAN Ruisong;WANG Youyi;SONG Bo;WANG Haijuan(School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《能源环境保护》
2026年第1期42-53,共12页
Energy Environmental Protection
基金
京津冀环境综合治理国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1206100)资助
中国宝武低碳冶金创新基金资助项目(BWLCF202310)。
关键词
高碳铬铁渣
建筑材料
功能材料
协同处置
综合利用
High-carbon ferrochrome slag
Building materials
Functional materials
Synergistic disposal
Comprehensive utilization
