摘要
作为一项重要的民生工程,社会养老服务是公众广为关注的热点和长期困扰的难点问题。然而,当前我国社会养老服务质量参差不齐,公办养老机构“一床难求”与民营养老床位空置并存,导致社会养老机构的供需失衡,发展不平衡、不充分。其关键在于社会养老服务的定价机制不畅,造成公办养老机构政府定价偏低与民办养老机构市场定价偏高,出现“价格双轨制”。因此,优化定价机制是破解“价格双轨制”的重要手段,有助于缓解社会养老服务分配不均和效率不高的难题。以人口老龄化为背景,借鉴新价格理论,剖析了以“养老服务成本”和“价格决定需求”为主的养老服务定价困境及其成因,提出优化内生与外生价格的“双生”融合社会养老服务定价机制。建议构建兼顾市场效率与社会公平的养老服务价格体系,推进社会养老服务的科学定价和补贴政策精准发力,助推养老服务供需均衡,促进国家积极应对人口老龄化战略早日实现。
The provision of social elderly care services,as a critical livelihood project,has become a widely concerned public issue and a persistent challenge.Currently,however,the quality of such services in China is uneven:public care institutions face a"shortage of beds,"while beds in private facilities remain underoccupied,leading to an imbalance between supply and demand and to uneven,insufficient development.The core problem lies in the inefficient pricing mechanism for social elderly care services,which has resulted in low government-set prices in public institutions and high market-driven prices in private ones,as a“dual-track pricing system.”Therefore,the optimization of the pricing mechanism is essential to address this dual-track structure,thereby helping to alleviate the inequitable distribution and inefficiency in the provision of social elderly care services.Against the backdrop of population aging and drawing on the new price theory,this study analyzes the pricing dilemma of elderly care services,primarily characterized by"elderly care service costs"and"price-determined demand",along with its underlying causes.It proposes a"dual integration"social elderly care service pricing mechanism that optimizes both endogenous and exogenous prices.Recommendations including the establishment of a pricing system that balances market efficiency and social equity,the promotion of scientifically grounded pricing and targeted subsidy policies for social elderly care services and the facilitation of equilibrium between supply and demand are also proposed for the implementation of the national strategy in proactive response to population aging.
作者
蒋军成
汪文秀
罗琼
赵广攀
JIANG Jun-cheng;WANG Wen-xiu;LUO Qiong;ZHAO Guang-pan
出处
《三峡大学学报(人文社会科学版)》
2026年第1期91-96,F0003,共7页
Journal of China Three Gorges University(Humanities & Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“抗疫背景下我国公立医院财政补偿绩效及其风险治理研究”(22FGLB980)
武汉工程大学基金项目“社会支持网络视角下农村互助养老模式探究”(CX2024135)。
关键词
人口老龄化
社会养老服务
补贴政策
定价机制
Population Aging
Social Elderly Care Services
Subsidy Policies
Pricing Mechanism
