摘要
秋审作为清代的死刑复核程序之一,通说认为具有恤刑慎杀的功能,但清代秋审改实则与此相悖,彰显了秋审的又一面向。清代刑部在复核地方秋审每年具题案件时,均将不少案件改实。透视清代秋审改实的律例规定和具体运行,可以发现清代秋审改实的考量因素为情节轻重是否把握得当、律例适用是否准确、适用效果是否情罪相符。因而清代秋审改实是为了追求司法公正,实现矜恤人命的司法宗旨和情罪允协的司法要求之间的衡平,由此可见秋审改实与减死并不矛盾。清代秋审改实内蕴了罪刑法定、预防犯罪、教化民众之法理理念,对完善当今的死刑复核制度的证据规则、监督机制与实体公正均有重要借鉴。
As one of the capital punishment review procedures in the Qing dynasty,the Autumn Assizes are generally believed to have the function of leniency and judicial caution in executions.However,the practice of Gai Shi(reconsideration of the facts of a case)seems to contradict this function,revealing another dimension of the Autumn Assizes.Every year,when the Ministry of Justice reviewed the cases submitted by local authorities during the Autumn Assizes,it applied Gai Shi to a significant number of cases.A close analysis of the legal statutes and practical operations of Gai Shi shows that the main considerations included whether the severity of the case had been properly evaluated,whether the legal statutes were accurately applied,and whether the applicable effect commensurate with the crime.Therefore,the Gai Shi in the Qing Dynasty's Autumn Assizes was a pursuit of judicial fairness,attempting to balance the judicial goal of valuing human life with the requirement of ensuring that punishments matched the crimes.Thus,the Gai Shi in the Qing Dynasty's Autumn Assizes is not contradictory to death sentence reductions.Instead,it reflects jurisprudential concepts such as the principle of legality,crime prevention,and public education.It offers important insights for improving the rules of evidence,supervision mechanisms,and substantive justice in today's death penalty review system.
作者
赵天宝
杨蕊溶
ZHAO Tianbao;YANG Ruirong
出处
《中国政法大学学报》
2025年第6期124-141,共18页
Journal Of CUPL
基金
重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学研究基地项目“中华传统‘良法善治’观念资源及其在‘两个结合’中的转化应用”(项目编号:25SKJD037)的阶段性成果。
关键词
清代
秋审
改实
价值
Qing Dynasty
Autumn Assizes
Gai Shi
value
