摘要
语义通信作为下一代通信技术的重要方向,通过聚焦信息内容的含义与效用,显著提升了通信效率并展现出从模态传输向知识驱动演进的巨大潜力。然而,随着系统对共享知识库与深度学习模型的依赖加深,其安全边界已从传统的比特层拓展至认知层,面临着跨层耦合与多模态投毒等新型威胁。文章通过系统回顾国内外近三年间的相关文献,构建了“数据隐私-模型内生-传输物理-知识认知”的四维安全分类架构,全面剖析了语义通信在对抗性环境下的脆弱性机理。文章重点探讨了知识图谱结构化投毒、推理链操纵等高阶认知威胁,并系统评估了基于认知免疫、动态信任图及量子赋能的防御技术。此外,文章结合物联网与车联网典型场景,分析了轻量化与抗干扰安全机制的实际部署挑战。最后,文章提出了内生认知安全、零信任语义架构及跨域融合防御等未来研究方向,旨在为构建安全、可信、鲁棒的6G语义通信体系提供理论支撑与技术指引。
As a pivotal direction for next-generation communication technologies,semantic communication focuses on the meaning and utility of information,significantly enhancing communication efficiency and demonstrating revolutionary potential to drive a paradigm shift from modal transmission to knowledge-driven interaction.However,as systems increasingly rely on shared knowledge bases and deep learning models,the security boundary has extended from the traditional bit layer to the cognitive layer,exposing networks to novel threats such as cross-layer coupling and multi-modal poisoning.By systematically reviewing literature from the past three years,this study constructed a four-dimensional security classification architecture covering“Data Privacy,Model Endogeneity,Transmission Physics,and Knowledge Cognition”comprehensively analyzing the vulnerability mechanisms of semantic communication in adversarial environments.Specifically,this paper highlighted high-level cognitive threats,including Knowledge Graph structural poisoning and inference chain manipulation,and systematically evaluated emerging defense technologies based on cognitive immunity,dynamic trust graphs,and quantum empowerment.Furthermore,combined with typical scenarios such as the Internet of Things and the Internet of Vehicles,the practical deployment challenges of lightweight and anti-jamming security mechanisms were analyzed.Finally,this paper proposed future research directions,including endogenous cognitive security,zero-trust semantic architecture,and cross-domain fusion defense,aiming to provide theoretical support and technical guidance for building a secure,trustworthy,and robust 6G semantic communication system.
作者
金志刚
罗厚阳
刘泽培
丁禹
JIN Zhigang;LUO Houyang;LIU Zepei;DING Yu(School of Electrical and Information Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)
出处
《信息网络安全》
北大核心
2025年第12期1827-1846,共20页
Netinfo Security
基金
国家自然科学基金[52171337]。
关键词
语义通信
6G
全栈安全架构
知识层安全
semantic communication
6G
full-stack security architecture
knowledge layer security
