摘要
目的 对广州市南沙区中小微企业的噪声暴露水平和噪声作业工人听力损失情况展开调查,以了解重点行业噪声暴露对作业工人噪声性听力损失(noise-induced hearing loss,NIHL)的影响因素,为更好地保护劳动者健康提供依据。方法 2023年6—12月,采用便利抽样法选取广州市南沙区中小微企业中接触噪声危害的1 389名噪声作业工人作为研究对象,对其所在企业进行调查监测,同时收集其职业健康体检数据,分析中小微型企业噪声作业工人NIHL的影响因素。结果 本次调查的中小微企业共39家,作业岗位噪声超标率为56.69%。5类重点行业中,印刷和记录媒介复制业、金属制品业、铁路、船舶、航空航天和其他运输设备制造业、家具制造业、汽车制造业超标率分别为21.7%、51.0%、80.0%、67.2%、75.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),噪声作业工人NIHL率最高的重点行业是家具制造业,为30.2%。二分类logistic回归分析显示,行业类型、男性、工龄> 15年和岗位噪声强度≥85 dB(A)是中小微型企业噪声作业工人发生NIHL的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。家具制造业工人发生NIHL的风险最高,为印刷和记录媒介复制业的5.902倍;男性噪声作业工人发生NIHL的风险是女性的2.715倍;噪声作业工人发生NIHL的风险随着工龄的增长而增加。结论 用人单位应采取有效的措施合理控制工作场所噪声强度,并加强对大龄群体、长工龄者,尤其是男性作业工人的个人防护用品的配备和职业健康教育;监管部门应强化对重点行业、中小微企业、重点人群的职业健康分级分类管理,提高劳动者的主动防噪意识,以更好地保障作业工人的健康。
Objective To investigate the noise exposure level of medium,small and micro enterprises in Nansha District,Guangzhou City and the hearing loss situation of workers exposed to noise,in order to understand the influencing factors of noise exposure in key industries on noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)in workers,and provide a basis for better protecting workers'health.Methods From June to December 2023,a convenience sampling method was used to select 1389 noise-exposed workers from medium,small and micro enterprises in Nansha District,Guangzhou City as the research subjects.The enterprises were investigated and monitored,and their occupational health examination data was collected to analyze the influencing factors of NIHL among noise exposed workers in medium,small and micro enterprises.Results A total of 39 medium,small and micro enterprises were surveyed,with a noise exceeding standard rate of 56.69%in their job positions.Among the five key industries,the printing and recording media reproduction industry,metal products industry,railway,shipbuilding,aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industry,furniture manufacturing industry,and automobile manufacturing industry had exceedance rates of 21.7%,51.0%,80.0%,67.2%,and 75.0%,respectively,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The furniture manufacturing industry has the highest NIHL rate for noise workers,at 30.2%.Binary logistic regression analysis showed that industry type,male gender,work experience>15 years,and job noise intensity≥85 dB(A)were independent risk factors for NIHL among noise exposed workers in medium,small and micro enterprises(P<0.05).The risk of NIHL among workers in the furniture manufacturing industry was the highest,5.902 times higher than in the printing and recording media reproduction industry;the risk of NIHL among male noise workers was 2.715 times higher than that of females;the risk of NIHL among noisy workers increases with length of work experience.Conclusion Employers should take effective measures to reasonably control the noise intensity in the workplace,and strengthen the provision of personal protective equipment and occupational health education for older workers,long-serving workers,especially male workers.Regulatory authorities should strengthen the classification and management of occupational health levels for key industries,medium,small and micro enterprises,and key groups,improve workers'proactive noise prevention awareness,and better protect the health of workers.
作者
刘畅颖
余永杰
曾汝越
李瑛
杨莹钰
LIU Changying;YU Yongjie;ZENG Ruyue;LI Ying;YANG Yingyu(Health Management Center,Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital/Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangzhou Guangdong 510620,China;Second Department of Public Health,Guangzhou Nansha District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou Guangdong 511455,China)
出处
《中国卫生标准管理》
2025年第19期31-35,共5页
China Health Standard Management
关键词
中小微企业
南沙区
噪声暴露
听力损失
影响因素
职业健康
medium,small and micro enterprise
Nansha district
noise exposure
hearing loss
influencing factor
occupational health
