摘要
通过分析2023年和2024年上海口岸出入境人员多病共防数据,掌握传染病流行特征变化,做好口岸多病共防工作。对2023年和2024年上海口岸出入境人员健康申报、检疫排查、流行病学调查及实验室检测结果等进行整理和分析。和2023年相比,2024年出入境人员总数增加86.88%,传染病监测采样率降低46.48%,总阳性样本数和总阳性率分别增加3.51%和3.49%。呼吸道、消化道、虫媒及血液、接触及其他方式传播病原体的检出构成比依次为94.59%、3.99%、1.33%、0.09%。阳性检出数构成比排名前4的病原体为新冠病毒(55.95%)、甲型流感病毒(29.40%)、乙型流感病毒(8.58%)和诺如病毒(2.69%)。呼吸道(U=65.000,Z=-0.404,P=0.356)、接触及其他(U=72.000,Z=0.000,P=0.595)传播病原体阳性数量的时间分布差异无统计学意义;而消化道(U=7.000,Z=-3.773,P=0.000)、虫媒及血液(U=1.000,Z=-4.188,P=0.000)传播病原体阳性数量的时间分布差异有统计学意义。病例来源地区差异(U=39.000,Z=-0.133,P=0.911)无统计学意义,来源地区以东南亚最多(26.13%),其次为东亚(21.90%);病例的性别比(χ^(2)=4.000,P=0.261)、年龄差异无统计学意义(U=33.000,Z=-0.210,P=0.856)。2024年出入境人员总数大幅升高,采样率下降,阳性检出提高,多病共防监测效率进一步提升;检出病原体组成中以呼吸道病原体为主仍为口岸多病共防重点。同时2024年虫媒传染病检出增加,提示虫媒传染病防控应予以关注。
To analyze the changes in the epidemic characteristics of the communicable diseases based on multidiseases prevention and control strategies after COVID-19 epidemic at Shanghai port in 2023 and 2024,to acquire the differences of epidemic characteristics and implement and improve the multi-diseases prevention and control.The data of health declaration,quarantine inspection,epidemiological survey and laboratory report of entry and exit personnel at Shanghai port in 2023 and 2024,was collected and analyzed as multi-diseases prevention and control data.Compared with 2023,the total amount of exit-entry personnel increased 86.88%,while the sampling rate decreased 46.48%,positive sample number and total positive rate increased by 3.51%and 3.49%.The percentage of positive pathogen counts for the respiratory,digestive,vector&blood-borne,contact&other transmissions accounted for 94.59%,3.99%,1.33%and 0.09%of the total positive cases,respectively.Among these,covid-19 had the highest proportion(55.95%),followed by influenza A(29.40%),influenza B(8.58%)and norovirus(2.69%).There were no statistical differences in the temporal distribution of positive pathogen counts for respiratory(U=65.000,Z=-0.404,P=0.356)and contact&others(U=72.000,Z=0.000,P=0.595).In contrast,there were statistical differences in the temporal distribution for positive pathogen counts of pathogens transmitted by digestive(U=7.000,Z=-3.773,P=0.000)and vector&blood-borne(U=1.000,Z=-4.188,P=0.911),origin areas were mostly from Southeast Asia(26.13%),followed by East Asia(21.90%).There were no statistical differences in gender(χ^(2)=4.000,P=0.261)and age(U=33.000,Z=-0.210,P=0.856)of the cases.The total number of entry and exit personnel has increased,while the sampling rate has decreased.Despite this,the number and rate of positive pathogen have increased,showed that there was an enhancement in the efficiency of multi-diseases prevention and control surveillance.The respiratory pathogens were dominating pathogens,although the proportion of respiratory pathogens declined,they remain the primary target of multi-diseases prevention and control.Meanwhile,the increased number of vector-borne cases showed that more attention should be paid to vector-borne diseases.
作者
陆晔
程春明
田相廷
薛李明
易在炯
胡春立
郁施伟
张子龙
韩晓辉
田桢干
LU Ye;CHENG Chunming;TIAN Xiangting;XUE Liming;YI Zaijiong;HU Chunli;YU Shiwei;ZHANG Zilong;HAN Xiaohui;TIAN Zhengan(Shanghai International Travel Healthcare Center(Shanghai Customs Port Outpatient Department),Shanghai 201206,China)
出处
《口岸非传统安全学刊》
2025年第6期32-38,共7页
JOURNAL OF NON-TRADITIONAL BORDER SECURITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
基金
海关总署科研项目(2024HK299)
海关总署科研项目(2024HK082)。
关键词
国境口岸
多病共防
卫生检疫
智慧海关
frontier port
multi-diseases prevention and control
health inspection and quarantine
smart customs
