摘要
目的分析2018—2024年甘肃省支气管哮喘(哮喘)的流行病学特征及变化趋势,探讨其影响因素,为制定区域防控策略提供依据,为甘肃省“医防融合”试点工作提供证据。方法基于甘肃省全民健康信息平台,收集全省哮喘患者就诊数据,结合人口学资料,采用SPSS 25.0和Python 3.12软件进行统计分析。通过Mann-Kendall检验评估患病率趋势,χ^(2)检验比较组间差异(α=0.05)。结果2018—2024年甘肃省累计确诊哮喘患者562907例,总患病率2.28%,女性患病率(2.46%)显著高于男性(2.11%)(P<0.001)。年均新增患者7854例(95%CI:5210~10498例),呈显著上升趋势(P=0.048)。年龄分布以51~<61岁人群为主(22.44%),65岁以上人群患病率最高(10.69%)。地区分布显示,兰州市患病人数最多(32.61%),酒泉市和嘉峪关市患病率最高(0.50%~0.63%),地区间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=32566.231,P=0.001)。秋季就诊人次数占比最高(26.90%),2024年9月因雷暴天气引发就诊高峰(20077人次)。甘肃省哮喘患者中咳嗽是最常见症状(18.12%),咳嗽变异性哮喘就诊率持续上升,27.64%患者合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病。结论2018—2024年甘肃省哮喘患者人数和患病率持续上升,给甘肃省居民造成了明显的健康损害和疾病负担。女性、中老年人群及干旱工业城市风险突出,雷暴天气与秋季就诊高峰显著相关。建议加强高风险地区环境治理、推广咳嗽变异性哮喘早期诊断。构建医疗、公共卫生和气象等多部门联动机制,优化多病共管和气象预警体系,以减轻疾病负担。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changing trend of bronchial asthma in Gansu province from 2018 to 2024,identify influencing factors,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of asthma and for the pilot work of“integration of medical care and prevention”in Gansu.Methods Based on the national health information platform,the prevalence data of asthma in Gansu were collected and an analysis combined with demographic data was conducted by using SPSS 25.0 and Python 3.12.Mann-Kendall test was used to evaluate the prevalence trend,andχ^(2) test was used to compare the differences between groups(α=0.05).Results From 2018 to 2024,a total 562907 patients with asthma were diagnosed in Gansu,with a overall prevalence rate of 2.28%.The prevalence rate in women(2.46%)was significantly higher than that in men(2.11%)(P<0.001).A average of 7854 new patients were diagnosed annually(95%CI:5210–10498),showing a significant upward trend(P=0.048).The age distribution indicated that the patients aged 51-<60 years were predominant(22.44%),and the prevalence rate was highest in people aged>65 years(10.69%).Area distribution showed that Lanzhou had the largest number of the patients(32.61%),and Jiuquan and Jiayuguan had the high prevalence rates(0.50%-0.63%)compared with other areas,the differences were significant.The number of hospital visits was highest in autumn(26.90%),and the peak of hospital visits due to thunderstorm was observed in September 2024(20077 visits).Cough was the most common symptom(18.12%),and the hospital visit rate of cough variant asthma kept increasing,and 27.64%of the patients were complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Conclusion From 2018 to 2024,the cases and prevalence rate of asthma continued to increase in Gansu,which caused obvious health damage and disease burden to local residents.Women,middle-aged and elderly people and people in arid industrial cities were at higher risk,and thunderstorm weather was significantly related to the peak of autumn medical treatment.It is suggested to strengthen environmental management in areas at high-risk and promote early diagnosis of cough variant asthma,establish a multi-sectoral cooperation mechanism of medical care,public health and meteorology,and optimize the multi-disease co-management and meteorological early warning system to reduce the disease burden level.
作者
王玉霞
闫宣辰
路杰
陈耀龙
Wang Yuxia;Yan Xuanchen;Lu Jie;Chen Yaolong(Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Evidence-based Medicine Center of Basic Medical College of Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Gansu Health Statistics Information Center,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu,China)
出处
《疾病监测》
北大核心
2025年第10期1297-1302,共6页
Disease Surveillance
基金
2023年度甘肃省第二批“陇原青年英才”计划(No.[2023]11)
甘肃省卫生健康行业科研计划项目(No.GSWSKY2023-25)。
关键词
哮喘
流行特点
医防融合
甘肃省
Asthma
Epidemic characteristics
Medical and preventive integration
Gansu province
