摘要
光倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus caldwelli)作为我国重要的淡水经济鱼类,因过度捕捞、生境退化及水利工程影响,其自然种群资源呈显著衰退趋势。基于形态学与生物化学方法,系统解析了光倒刺鲃的生物学特征。形态学分析表明:成鱼肌间骨可分为7类,总数介于104~115根,其中“Ⅰ”型占比最高,集中分布于尾部区域;躯干部以“卜”型与“Y”型为主。采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测光倒刺鲃12种组织的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)与酯酶(EST)同工酶活性,发现LDH和EST表达谱具有显著组织特异性,其中心脏、肝脏及肾脏组织酶带数量最多为7条,活性强度与功能需求高度相关,可作为种质鉴定的生化遗传标记。比较基因组学分析发现,在11种鱼类物种中,共鉴定出36 134个基因簇,其中包含995个重叠基因簇以及11 540个保守直系同源基因簇。结果表明,光倒刺鲃在进化过程中具有显著的物种特异性进化特征。基于光倒刺鲃的生物学特性,分析比较基因组学结果,结合同工酶表达谱等分子遗传标记,可更准确地评估光倒刺鲃亲本的遗传多样性,选择遗传背景丰富的亲本进行繁殖,提高后代的遗传多样性和适应性。
As an important freshwater economic fish in China,Spinibarbus caldwelli experienced a significant decline in its natural population due to overfishing,habitat degradation,and water conservancy projects.This study systematically examined its biological characteristics through morphological and biochemical methods.Morphological analysis showed that adult muscle intermuscular bones were categorized into seven types.Type“Ⅰ”was the most common,mainly located in the tail region,while the trunk primarily exhibited“卜”(Chinese character)and“Y”types,with the number of intermuscular bones ranging from 104 to 115.Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis detected lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and esterase(EST)isozyme activities in 12 tissues.The expression profiles revealed significant tissue-specific patterns.The heart,liver,and kidneys displayed the highest number of enzyme bands(seven),and activity intensity correlated strongly with functional demands,suggesting their potential as biochemical genetic markers for species identification.Comparative genomics analysis revealed that a total of 36134 gene clusters were identified among 11 fish species,including 995 overlapping gene clusters and 11540 conserved orthologous gene clusters.These findings suggested that Spinibarbus caldwelli exhibited significant species-specific evolutionary characteristics during its evolutionary process.Based on the biological characteristics of Spinibarbus caldwelli,the analysis of comparative genomics results combined with molecular genetic markers(isozyme expression profiles),we accurately assessed the genetic diversity of broodstocks.Selecting broodstocks with rich genetic backgrounds enhanced the genetic diversity and adaptability of offspring.
作者
范紫嫣
黄一鸣
刘鑫
袁昊
林佳欣
陈佐权
简少卿
张万昌
FAN Ziyan;HUANG Yiming;LIU Xin;YUAN Hao;LIN Jiaxin;CHEN Zuoquan;JIAN Shaoqin;ZHANG Wanchang(School of Life Sciences,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China)
出处
《南昌大学学报(理科版)》
2025年第6期629-636,共8页
Journal of Nanchang University(Natural Science)
基金
江西省渔业种业联合育种攻关项目(JXNY202207)
赣州市成品油价格调整对渔业补助预算项目(gsnz2023-30)
景德镇涉渔工程生态补偿项目(NCUCQYJY-HX-2024-4)。
关键词
光倒刺鲃
同工酶
生长性状
肌间刺
比较基因组
Spinibarbus caldwelli
isoenzymes
growth traits
intermuscular bones
comparative genomics
