摘要
针对稻壳微粉与树脂基体界面相容性差及传统液相化学改性法效率低、废水排放量大、改性剂选择性差等问题,提出吸附质占位-梯度脱附表面处理工艺.通过正己烷-环己烷混合吸附质优先填充稻壳微粉内部孔隙,利用压力梯度调控实现外表面羟基选择性暴露,结合气相改性剂定向修饰,形成连续致密疏水层.正交实验优化表明,在改性温度100℃、脱附压力2×10~4 Pa、改性剂量0.2%、时间30 min的条件下,改性后的稻壳微粉表面能从52.3 mJ/m^(2)降至28.7 mJ/m^(2),C元素含量提升至76.04%.改性后的稻壳微粉-聚乳酸复合材料拉伸强度提升34.5%,冲击强度提高至47.2 J/m,较传统液相法改性剂用量减少86.6%.该工艺为秸秆、棉秆、芦苇等生物质的高值化利用提供了高效环保的工程化解决方案.
To address the poor interfacial compatibility between rice husk micropowder and resin matrix,as well as the inefficiency,high wastewater discharge,and poor selectivity of traditional liquid-phase chemical modification methods,this study proposes an adsorption-occupation and gradient desorption surface treatment process.By utilizing a hexane-cyclohexane mixed adsorbent to preferentially fill the internal pores of rice husk micropowder,combined with pressure gradient regulation to selectively expose hydroxyl groups on the outer surface,and gas-phase modifier directional modification,a continuous and dense hydrophobic layer is formed.Orthogonal experiment optimization revealed that under conditions of 100℃ modification temperature,2×104 Pa desorption pressure,0.2%modifier dosage,and 30-minute treatment,the surface energy of modified rice husk micropowder decreased from 52.3 mJ/m^(2) to 28.7 mJ/m^(2),with carbon content increasing to 76.04%.The tensile strength of modified rice husk micropowder-polylactic acid(PLA)composites increased by 34.5%,and the impact strength increased to 47.2 J/m,while modifier consumption was reduced by 86.6%compared to traditional liquid-phase methods.This process provides an efficient and environmentally friendly engineering solution for the high-value utilization of biomass such as straw,cotton stalks and reeds.
作者
乔春玉
段芳正
闫鹏
范大鹏
杨闯
QIAO Chunyu;DUAN Fangzheng;YAN Peng;FAN Dapeng;YANG Chuang(School of Material Science and Engineering,Heilongjiang Institute of Technology,Harbin 150050,China)
出处
《昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第6期123-130,共8页
Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)
基金
黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2024E116)。
关键词
吸附
生物质
界面
硅烷偶联剂
生物基复合材料
adsorption
biomass
interface
silane coupling agent
bio-based composites
