摘要
高质量的婴幼儿托育教师培养是保障婴幼儿健康成长、提升家庭幸福感及推动社会可持续发展的关键。当前,我国托育行业面临师资缺口大、入托率低、专业化不足等突出挑战。本文以美国、加拿大、日本为研究对象,系统考察其托育教师培养体系,发现三国虽依托不同国家体制与社会需求,但均构建了以高校为主体、以法律为保障、职前职后一体化的培养路径,并在培养目标、能力标准与实施方式上各具特色。三国共同面临低薪酬导致的师资高流动性难题,同时各自面临独特挑战:美国市场化运作导致师资学历偏低与标准不统一;加拿大联邦体制造成培养体系碎片化与跨文化能力不足;日本职业压力与待遇差距影响队伍稳定性。基于三国经验与教训,我国应从三方面着手推进改革:加快国家层面婴幼儿托育立法,明确权责清晰与保障有力的法治体系;建立跨部门协同机制,提升高校培养层次与质量;优化托育教师资格考试体系,推动托幼一体化师资队伍建设,从而为实现我国托育事业的高质量发展提供坚实支撑。
The high-quality training of infant and toddler childcare teachers is crucial for ensuring the healthy growth of infants and toddlers,enhancing family happiness,and promoting the sustainable development of society.Currently,China’s childcare industry faces prominent challenges such as a severe shortage of childcare teachers,a low enrollment rate in childcare services,and insufficient professionalization.Taking the United States,Canada,and Japan as research objects,this paper conducts a systematic examination of their childcare teacher training systems.It finds that although the three countries rely on different national systems and social needs,they have all established a training pathway centered on higher education institutions,guaranteed by laws,and integrated pre-service and in-service training,each with distinctive features in training objectives,competency standards,and implementation methods.While all three countries face the problem of high turnover of childcare teachers caused by low salaries,they also confront unique challenges:in the United States,market-oriented operations lead to low educational attainment of childcare teachers and inconsistent standards;in Canada,the federal system results in a fragmented training system and insufficient cross-cultural competence;in Japan,occupational stress and salary gaps affect the stability of the childcare teachers team.Drawing on the experience and lessons of these three countries,China should advance reforms in three aspects:accelerate the legislation on infant and toddler care at the national level to build a legal system with clear responsibilities and strong guarantees;establish a cross-departmental coordination mechanism to improve the level and quality of childcare teachers training in higher education institutions;optimize the qualification examination system and promote the development of an inclusive workforce for childcare,thereby providing solid support for the high-quality development of China’s childcare industry.
作者
张曙光
徐荣英
许婷
ZHANG Shuguang;XU Rongying;XU Ting(College of Educational Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081 China;Kindergarten Affliated with Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081 China)
出处
《学前教育研究》
北大核心
2025年第12期36-46,共11页
Studies in Early Childhood Education
基金
2024年国家社会科学基金“我国普惠托育服务的结构性矛盾及其化解路径研究”(项目编号:24BRK022)。
关键词
托育教师
教师培养
能力标准
托幼一体化
infant and toddler childcare teachers
teacher training
competency standards
inclusive childcare
