摘要
东北地区作为我国春大豆的核心产区,其栽培技术的创新对于保障粮食安全和实现生态可持续发展具有重要意义。通过聚焦我国东北春大豆核心产区的栽培技术创新,系统整合1994—2024年中国知网(CNKI)核心期刊文献数据,解析该领域研究现状、热点及发展趋势。结果表明:当前技术研发主要围绕种质资源筛选(高产抗逆品种选育)、轮作制度优化与机械化中耕三大方向,但面临高产优质多抗种质资源匮乏、寒区秸秆还田碳氮调控失衡及肥料利用率低等技术瓶颈。研究演进路径呈现显著阶段性特征:2000—2015年以传统农艺性状改良为主导,近年则加速向绿色增产技术体系转型,突出表现为有机肥替代、生物防治等生态技术,以及物联网监测、变量施肥等智能技术的融合应用,标志着技术范式从经验驱动向数据驱动的根本转变。因此提出“遗传潜力挖掘-生态过程调控-智能决策响应”三维协同发展框架,为构建大豆产能提升理论体系与技术创新路径提供科学依据。
As the core production area of spring soybean in China,the innovation of cultivation techniques in Northeast China holds significant importance for ensuring food security and achieving ecological sustainability.This study focuses on technological innovations in spring soybean cultivation within this region,systematically integrating literature data from core journals in the CNKI database from 1994 to 2024 to analyze research progress,hotspots,and developmental trends.Findings reveal that current technological advancements primarily concentrate on three key areas:germplasm resource screening(breeding high-yield and stress-resistant varieties),optimization of crop rotation systems,and mechanized intertillage.However,critical challenges persist,including insufficient highyield,high-quality,and multi-resistant germplasm resources,carbon-nitrogen regulation imbalances during straw incorporation in cold regions,and low fertilizer utilization efficiency.The research evolution exhibits distinct phased characteristics:from 2000 to 2015,efforts predominantly focused on improving traditional agronomic traits,while recent years have witnessed a rapid shift toward green yield-enhancing technology systems.This transformation is exemplified by the adoption of ecofriendly practices such as organic fertilizer substitution and biological pest control,along with the integration of intelligent technologies such as IoT-based monitoring and variable-rate fertilization,signifying a fundamental transformation in technological paradigms from experience-driven to datadriven approaches.Accordingly,this study proposes a three-dimensional collaborative development framework encompassing"genetic potential exploitation-ecological process regulation-intelligent decision-making response",aiming to establish a theoretical system and technological roadmap for enhancing soybean production capacity.This framework provides scientific guidance for advancing both theoretical frameworks and practical innovations in soybean cultivation.
作者
张玉先
高杰
姜凯岩
冯广瑞
曹士林
亓政伟
李鑫
ZHANG Yuxian;GAO Jie;JIANG Kaiyan;FENG Guangrui;CAO Shilin;QI Zheng-wei;LI Xin(Key Laboratory of Soybean Mechanized Production,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Inner Mon-golia Autonomous Region Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center,Hohhot 010011,China;Agricultural Science and Technology Service Center,Heilongjiang Jian Shan Farm Co.,Ltd.,Beidahuang Group,Heihe 161444,China;National Coarse Cereals Engineering Technology Research Center,Daqing 163319,China)
出处
《吉林农业大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期753-760,共8页
Journal of Jilin Agricultural University
基金
农业生物育种国家科技重大专项子课题(2023ZD0403205-02)
内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目子课题(2023JBGS0006)
国家大豆产业技术体系项目(CARS-04-PS19)。
关键词
春大豆
栽培技术
东北地区
spring soybean
cultivation technique
northeast China
