摘要
针对电动汽车再生制动过程中动力电池功率密度低、频繁充放导致寿命衰减及能量回收效率不足的问题,设计并搭建了一套基于超级电容—电池的复合能源制动能量回收多功能实验平台。该平台由惯性模拟系统、能量回收系统和能量管理系统三部分组成。起步电动机与飞轮构成惯性模拟系统用于模拟车辆行驶动能;直流无刷电动机、双向DC/DC变换器、超级电容和动力电池组成的能量回收系统,实现制动能量高效回收与再释放;传感器、执行器与STM32F4主控制单元与程序协同完成信号采集与能量分配控制。实验结果表明:在制动能量回收过程中,超级电容承受了大部分电流冲击,起到“削峰填谷”的作用;相比单一动力电池系统,复合能源系统能量回收效率提升了7.43%。该实验平台通用性强,既可实现单个系统性能测试,也可用于制动能量回收控制策略的验证,为对复合能源制动能量回收技术的研究及相关控制类课程的实验教学提供了有效的技术支撑。
To address the issues of low power density of power batteries,frequent charge-discharge cycles leading to lifespan degradation,and insufficient energy recovery efficiency during the regenerative braking process of electric vehicles,a multifunctional experimental platform for braking energy recovery based on a supercapacitor-battery hybrid energy system was designed and constructed.The platform is composed of three core subsystems:an inertia simulation subsystem,energy recovery subsystem,and energy management subsystem.The inertia simulation subsystem,consisting of a starting motor and a flywheel,simulates the kinetic energy of a vehicle during actual driving conditions.The energy recovery subsystem,which includes a brushless DC motor,a bidirectional DC/DC converter,a supercapacitor,and a power battery,enables efficient recovery and reuse of braking energy.The energy management subsystem integrates sensors,actuators,and an STM32F4 main control unit to coordinate signal processing and energy distribution.Experimental results demonstrate that during the braking energy recovery process,the supercapacitor absorbs the majority of the current surge,effectively performing a“peak-shaving”function.Compared with a system using only a power battery,the hybrid energy system achieves a 7.43%improvement in energy recovery efficiency.This experimental platform exhibits strong versatility and supports various experimental objectives,including individual system performance testing and the validation of braking energy recovery control strategies.It provides robust technical support for the research and development of hybrid energy braking energy recovery technologies and serves as an effective educational tool for control system-related laboratory instruction.
作者
李宁
汪超鹏
许高伦
倪君辉
LI Ning;WANG Chaopeng;XU Gaolun;NI Junhui(School of Intelligent Manufacturing,Taizhou University,Taizhou 318000,Zhejiang,China;Product Development Department,Zhejiang Sanhua Automotive Components Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310000,China;R&D Center,COWA Robot Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201805,China)
出处
《实验室研究与探索》
北大核心
2025年第12期63-68,共6页
Research and Exploration In Laboratory
基金
浙江省课程思政教学研究项目(浙教函[2021]47号)
浙江省本科省级教学改革重点项目(JGZD2024073)
浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(Y202352247)
台州学院高等教育教学改革项目(xjg2025080)
台州学院教育教学改革“产教融合专项”建设项目(台学院教发[2025]66号)
台州学院研究生思想政治工作品牌项目(SZ202505)。
关键词
电动汽车
复合能源
制动能量回收
实验平台
electric vehicles
hybrid energy
braking energy recovery
experimental platform
