摘要
将涉密档案作为犯罪对象的罪名散见于《中华人民共和国刑法》第三百二十九条专门性条款与刑法分则其他普适性条款,呈现出“国家—单位—个人”三元规制样态。这种规制模式存在漏洞,“国家—单位—个人”的涉密档案法益构造无法实现社会公共利益档案治理的立法供给,也不利于廓清行刑界限。在司法实践中,长期存在专门性档案犯罪条款规避适用和涉密档案罪名适用率低下问题,导致刑法保障缺位。应以涉密档案安全整体保护理念为指引,形成国家安全、社会公共安全以及个人隐私安全三位一体的法益观念。立法层面将涉社会公共利益档案纳入刑法规制范畴,司法层面完善涉密档案案件移送机制,以积极刑法观赋能刑事司法适用,从而全面保障涉密档案安全行稳致远。
The use of classified archives as criminal objects is addressed in the specific provisions of Article 329 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China,as well as in other general provisions of the Criminal Law.This presents a tripartite regulatory pattern.The regulatory model in question is riddled with loopholes.It is therefore evident that the legal interest structure of"state unit individual"confidential archives is unable to fulfil the legislative supply required for the governance of social public interest archives.Furthermore,it is not conducive to clarifying the boundaries of execution.In the context of judicial practice,there has been a long-standing issue of avoiding the application of specialised archival crime clauses and a low application rate of classified archival crimes.This has resulted in a lack of criminal law protection.In order to achieve comprehensive protection of confidential archives,it is essential to adopt a legal interest view that integrates national security,social public security,and personal privacy security.At the legislative level,archives related to social public interests will be included in the scope of criminal law regulation.At the judicial level,the transfer mechanism for classified archives cases will be improved to empower criminal justice application with a positive criminal law perspective,thereby comprehensively ensuring the safety and stability of classified archives.
作者
张超
梁兆纬
ZHANG Chao;LIANG Zhaowei(School of Law,Southeast University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211189;School of Finance and Law,Guilin University,Guilin,Guangxi 541006)
出处
《档案学刊》
2025年第6期83-97,共15页
Academic Journal of Archives
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“网络服务商刑事责任边界及体系构建研究”(18BFX104)研究成果。
关键词
涉密档案
档案安全
刑事规范
分类分级保护
涉社会公共利益档案
Classified archives
Archives security
Criminal norms
Classification and hierarchical protection
Social public interest archives
