摘要
红色旅游是利党利国利民的国家战略,是推进中华民族伟大复兴的民生工程。近年来,红色旅游已成为备受瞩目的热点领域,然而目前学术界关于红色旅游及其公共政策的研究仍有待进一步深入。文章基于“政策主体-政策工具-政策效力”三维分析框架,并运用社会网络分析、文本挖掘、政策一致性指数模型等对国家层面出台的红色旅游政策进行了全面梳理和量化分析。研究发现:1)红色旅游政策的制定和发布以独立决策模式为主,政策主体间的合作关系有待进一步加强;2)红色旅游政策工具基本兼顾了供给型、需求型和环境型3类,其中,环境型所占比重最大,而其他两类相对较少;3)红色旅游专项政策的政策效力整体表现良好,尤其在政策性质、政策功能、政策评价和政策视角等方面最为突出,但在作用层面和政策内容方面则相对较弱。该研究不仅有助于深入了解中国红色旅游政策的内容体系和结构模式,同时也能为相关政策的制定和实施提供决策参考。
Policy is an important measure and effective way for the state to carry out macro-control with a"visible hand",which provides a code of action for the standardized development of various social activities.As a special tourism form with both political and tourism characteristics,red tourism needs to build a scientific and reasonable policy system to standardize the market order and guide the development direction.Although the red tourism policy has become a hot field of concern in recent years,the academic community has paid relatively little attention to the red tourism policy system and implementation effectiveness.Therefore,this paper selects the national red tourism policies(2004—2021)as the research sample,constructs a three-dimensional analysis framework of"policy actor,policy instrument and policy effectiveness",and combs and analyzes the release actor,instrument type and effectiveness of red tourism policy by using social network analysis,text mining and PMC index model.The results show that:1)the release and formulation of red tourism policies are mainly based on the independent decision-making mode.National Cultural Heritage Administration,the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the National Development and Reform Commission are the main departments with a high degree of participation in the red tourism policy system.The structure of the cooperation network is relatively loose,and the cooperation among the policy-issuing actors is insufficiently close.Among them,the Ministry of Finance has the largest number of cooperative partners among all policy-issuing actors.With the continuous development and innovation of red tourism,there are more and more actors issuing red tourism policies,and the scope of cooperation among actors has gradually expanded.2)At present,red tourism policy instruments are dominated by environment-shaping ones,whereas supplyside and demand-side policy instruments are relatively insufficient;environment-shaping policy instruments focus on development and planning,supply-side policy instruments focus on the protection of red resources and infrastructure construction,and demand-side policy instruments mobilize the participation of multiple actors through policy means.3)The policy effectiveness of the special policy for red tourism is generally good,of which the policy typology,policy function,policy evaluation and policy perspective are prominent,but level of impact and policy content are relatively weak.Additionally,based on the results of the study,the policy on the formulation and optimization of China's red tourism in the future has also been further proposed in this study.This paper deeply explores the performance characteristics of the actor cooperation,instrument application and effectiveness of red tourism policy,which can provide theoretical basis and practical reference for the innovative development and efficient implementation of policy in the future.
作者
王金伟
孙洁
雷婷
张宏
袁佳欣
WANG Jinwei;SUN Jie;LEI Ting;ZHANG Hong;YUAN Jiaxin(School of Tourism Sciences,Beijing International Studies University,Beijing 100024,China;Research Center for Beijing Tourism Development,Beijing 100024,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)
出处
《旅游学刊》
北大核心
2025年第12期125-144,共20页
Tourism Tribune
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“红色旅游当代价值、政策演变与高质量发展研究”(23FGLB040)资助。
关键词
红色旅游
公共政策
旅游政策
政策评估
高质量发展
red tourism
public policy
tourism policy
policy evaluation
high-quality development
