摘要
根据Talmy的词化模式理论,语言在编码意义时,会将事件的若干语义要素以不同方式融合到词汇形式之中。这种融合方式影响并制约着词义的历史演变。基于该理论,结合《汉语大词典》《汉语大字典》《辞源》《王力古汉语字典》等主要辞书义项的梳理,并援引传世文献语料举证,该文可以确认“约”在上古汉语中具有的12个代表性义项。在词化模式的语义要素框架下,“约”的本义“缠束、环束”融合了动作、工具、方式、目的、结果等语义要素,词在使用过程中语义要素发生改变,形成多条引申路径。该文揭示了“约”的语义扩展与词化模式之间的对应关系,反映了上古汉语动词词义演变的一般规律,并为从词化视角考察汉语语义发展提供了新的解释框架。
Talmy's lexicalization pattern theory suggests that,when encoding meaning,languages integrate certain semantic components of an event(such as action,instrument,manner,result,etc.)into lexical forms in different ways.These integration patterns influence and constrain the historical evolution of word meanings.Based on this theoretical framework,this study examines the major dictionary definitions of Yue(约)in The Grand Chinese Dictionary(Hanyu Da Cidian),The Grand Dictionary of Chinese Characters(Hanyu Da Zidian),Ciyuan,and Wang Li's Dictionary of Archaic Chinese,supplemented by textual evidence from transmitted literature.Twelve representative senses of Yue in Archaic Chinese are identified.Within the semantic component framework of lexicalization patterns,the primary meaning"to bind,to encircle"integrates semantic components such as action,instrument,manner,purpose,and result.Changes in these components during language use led to multiple paths of semantic extension.This analysis reveals the correspondence between the semantic expansion of Yue and its lexicalization patterns,reflects general rules governing the semantic evolution of Archaic Chinese verbs,and provides a new explanatory framework for examining the development of Chinese semantics from a lexicalization perspective.
作者
刘曼丛
LIU Mancong(School of Humanities and Arts,Tianjin University,Tianjin,300072,China)
出处
《文化创新比较研究》
2025年第34期24-29,共6页
Comparative Study of Cultural Innovation
基金
2023年度教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“基于实体与事件的古汉语词义演变路径研究”(项目编号:23YJC740098)。
关键词
词化模式
语义演变
“约”
语义要素
隐喻
转喻
Lexicalization pattern
Semantic evolution
Yue(约)
Semantic components
Metaphor
Metonymy
