摘要
目的:探讨厦门地区0~4岁儿童功能性便秘的临床特点,并分析其发生的危险因素。方法:选取2023年3月~2025年3月厦门地区4所社区卫生服务中心、3家幼儿园及厦门市儿童医院的1558名0~4岁儿童作为研究对象,分析其功能性便秘发生率。将确诊为功能便秘的240例患儿作为病例组,另选取240名健康儿童作为对照组,比较两组一般特征,采用Logistic回归法分析0~4岁儿童功能性便秘的危险因素。结果:确诊为功能性便秘的儿童240例,患病率为15.40%。各年龄段间功能性便秘发生率有差异,呈现出随年龄增长发生率逐渐上升的趋势(P<0.05)。排便间隔延长占比82.50%;排便困难76.67%;粪便性状异常71.25%;存在肛门疼痛或肛裂症状24.17%;出现食欲不振症状18.75%;存在腹胀症状15.42%;两组在便秘家族史、每日饮水量、喂养方式、户外活动时间、膳食纤维摄入、排便训练、添加辅食时间、饮食过精细、饮食不均衡、挑食频率及食欲不振频率情况比较差异显著(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示饮水量不足、人工喂养、户外活动时间不足、膳食纤维摄入不足、未进行排便训练、辅食添加时间不当、饮食过精细以及经常挑食是独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论:厦门地区0-4岁儿童功能性便秘的发生率为15.40%,随年龄增长发生率上升,患儿多以排便间隔延长、排便困难、粪便性状异常为主。且饮水量不足、人工喂养、户外活动时间不足、膳食纤维摄入不足、未进行排便训练、辅食添加时间不当、饮食过精细以及经常挑食均为该年龄段儿童功能性便秘的危险因素。
Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of functional constipation in children aged 0-4 years in Xiamen area and analyze the risk factors for its occurrence.Methods:A total of 1558 children aged 0-4 years old from 4 community health service centers,three kindergartens and children's hospitals in Xiamen from March 2023 to March 2025 were selected to analyze the incidence of functional constipation.240 children diagnosed with functional constipation were selected as the case group,and another 240 healthy children were selected as the control group.The general characteristics of the two groups were compared,and logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for functional constipation in children aged 0-4 years old.Results:240 children were diagnosed with functional constipation,with a prevalence rate of 15.40%.The incidence of functional constipation varies among different age groups,showing a gradually increasing trend with age(P<0.05).82.50%of cases had prolonged intervals between bowel movements;Difficulty in defecation 76.67%;71.25%had abnormal stool characteristics;24.17%have symptoms of anal pain or anal fissure;18.75%showed symptoms of loss of appetite;15.42%had symptoms of abdominal distension;There were significant differences(P<0.05)between the two groups in terms of family history of constipation,daily water intake,feeding methods,outdoor activity time,dietary fiber intake,defecation training,time to add complementary foods,overly refined diet,unbalanced diet,picky eating frequency,and loss of appetite frequency;Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that insufficient water intake,artificial feeding,insufficient outdoor activity time,insufficient dietary fiber intake,lack of bowel training,improper timing of complementary food addition,overly refined diet,and frequent picky eating were independent risk factors(all P<0.05).Conclusion:The incidence of functional constipation in children aged 0~4 years in Xiamen is 15.40%,which increases with age.Children with functional constipation mainly have prolonged defecation intervals,difficulty in defecation,and abnormal stool characteristics.Insufficient water intake,artificial feeding,insufficient outdoor activity time,insufficient dietary fiber intake,lack of bowel training,improper timing of complementary food addition,overly refined diet,and frequent picky eating are all risk factors for functional constipation in children of this age group.
作者
王梅
陈競芳
王晓冬
苏莹
陈俊鸿
金翠
Wang Mei;Chen Jing-fang;Wang Xiao-dong;Su Ying;Chen Jun-hong;Jin Cui(Department of Gastroenterology,Children's Hospital of Fudan University(Xiamen Branch),Xiamen Children's Hospital,Xiamen 361006,Fujian,China)
基金
厦门市医疗卫生指导性项目(编号:3502Z20214ZD1244)
厦门市儿童医院消化内科临床重点专科建设项目(编号:XE2022-YNPY-A02)。
关键词
厦门地区
0~4岁
功能性便秘
临床特点
危险因素
Xiamen area
0-4 years old
Functional constipation
Clinical characteristics
Risk factors
