摘要
针对开展出水木质文物降解程度评估时普遍存在的取样破坏性较大、检测耗时较长等难题,本研究以元代“慈溪”以及清代“碗礁Ⅰ号”“小白礁Ⅰ号”和“长江口二号”沉船为研究对象,提出了一套基于微损手段的出水木质沉船降解程度综合评估方法。在现场条件下采用表层徒手切片和生长锥获取船板木构件表层及不同深度部位的样品,依据木材解剖构造特征确定样品树种并判定降解等级。同时,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪采集生长锥样品各深度部位的光谱数据,通过计算木质素特征峰与多糖特征峰强度的比值(L/C),比较同一生长锥不同深度部位多糖组分的变化。对徒手切片解剖构造分析表明,“慈溪”“小白礁Ⅰ号”和“长江口二号”沉船木构件的表层降解程度主要为中度降解,“碗礁Ⅰ号”沉船木构件的表层主要为轻度至中度降解。对生长锥样品解剖构造和化学分析表明,“慈溪”和“长江口二号”沉船不同深度部位降解程度较为均一,均为轻度降解,总体上不同深度部位的L/C值无明显差异。研究结果对出水木质文物降解程度的准确评估提供了科学基础和技术支撑。
Assessing the degradation degree of waterlogged wooden cultural relics often presents challenges such as severe sampling damage and lengthy testing processes.To address these problems,this study proposes a comprehensive quasi-nondestructive evaluation method for assessing the degradation degree of waterlogged wooden shipwrecks.Four representative Chinese shipwrecks—Cixi from the Yuan Dynasty,and Wanjiao No.1,Xiaobaijiao No.1,and Changjiangkou No.2 from the Qing Dynasty—were selected as research objects.On-site sampling was conducted using hand-sliced sections and growth cone to collect specimens from the surface and different depths of ship components.The wood anatomical structures of the hand-sliced sections were analyzed to identify tree species and determine their degradation grade.Additionally,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy was applied to the growth cone samples.The lignin-to-carbohydrate(L/C)ratio,derived from the characteristic peak intensities of lignin and polysaccharides,was calculated to compare the polysaccharide composition at different depths within the same sample.The results indicate that the surface degradation of ship components from Cixi,Xiaobaijiao No.1,and Changjiangkou No.2 is mainly moderate,while Wanjiao No.1 exhibits slight to moderate degradation.The anatomical structures of growth cone samples from Cixi and Changjiangkou No.2 at different depths show relatively uniform and slight degradation.There is no significant difference in L/C values among different depths.These findings demonstrate that the proposed quasi-nondestructive approach provides reliable technical support for accurately assessing the degradation degree of waterlogged wooden cultural relics.
作者
陈家宝
郑昌
席光兰
陈岳
汪嘉君
张治国
殷亚方
CHEN Jiabao;ZHENG Chang;XI Guanglan;CHEN Yue;WANG Jiajun;ZHANG Zhiguo;YIN Yafang(Research Institute of Wood Industry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;National Centre of Archaeology,Beijing 100013,China)
出处
《文物保护与考古科学》
北大核心
2025年第6期102-111,共10页
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1521800)资助。
关键词
出水木质文物
降解程度
徒手切片
木材解剖
木材鉴别
细胞壁
多糖组分
Waterlogged wooden cultural relic
Degradation degree
Hand-sliced section
Wood anatomy
Wood identification
Cell wall
Polysaccharide composition
