摘要
研究了采用硫化锌精矿强化锌焙砂酸浸渣浸出过程,以强化铁酸锌(ZnFe_(2)O_(4))和硫化锌(ZnS)的分解,实现锌、铜、铟等有价金属的高效率浸出与铁的定向转化。结果表明,该工艺可显著提高有价金属的浸出率,并使铁以Fe^(2+)形态溶出,有利于后续采用赤铁矿法除铁。在液固比5、酸浸渣与硫化锌精矿质量比2.5、木质素添加量为总矿量的0.2%、反应时间1.5 h、搅拌转速500 r/min的固定条件下,Ⅰ段浸出推荐采用压缩空气作为氧化介质,反应温度110℃,总压控制在0.3 MPa,既可抑制H_(2)S气体的生成,又可实现95%以上的Fe^(3+)还原率;Ⅱ段浸出则采用纯氧加压,反应温度150℃,总压1.2 MPa,最终锌、铁、铜、铟的总浸出率分别达到99.5%、92.2%、96.5%和95.4%。铅、银和硫则分别以PbSO_(4)、AgInS_(2)和S8形态富集于浸出渣中,总渣率为27.3%,该渣可作为铅银渣副产品进行资源化利用。该工艺有效避免了铁矾相的生成,降低了渣害和处理成本,为铁酸锌物料及复杂锌资源的清洁利用提供了理论依据和技术支撑。
This study investigates the enhancing leaching process of acid leaching residue of zinc calcine using zinc sulfide concentrate to enhance the decomposition of zinc ferrite(ZnFe_(2)O_(4))and zinc sulfide(ZnS),achieving efficient leaching of zinc,copper,and indium,while enabling the targeted transformation of iron.The results show that this process significantly improves the leaching rates of valuable metals and dissolves iron in the form of ferrous ion(Fe^(2+)),creating favorable conditions for subsequent iron removal via the hematite process.Under the conditions including liquid-to-solid ratio of 5∶1,mass ratio of acid leaching residue to zinc sulfide concentrate of 2.5,lignin addition of 0.2%of the total ore mass,reaction time of 1.5 h,and stirring speed of 500 r/min,the first-stage leaching process recommends the use of compressed air as the oxidizing medium with reaction temperature of 110℃and total pressure controlled at 0.3 MPa to suppress H_(2)S gas generation,while ensuring Fe^(3+)reduction rate exceeding 95%.The second-stage leaching employs pure oxygen under pressure with reaction temperature of 150℃and total pressure controlled at 1.2 MPa,achieving overall leaching rates of 99.5%for zinc,92.2%for iron,96.5%for copper,and 95.4%for indium.Lead,silver,and sulfur are enriched in the leaching residue as PbSO_(4),AgInS_(2),and S8,respectively,with total residue rate of 27.3%.This residue can be utilized as a by-product for lead-silver recovery.This process effectively avoids the formation of jarosite phases,reduces residue hazards and treatment costs,and provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the clean utilization of zinc ferrite and complex zinc resources.The purpose of the first-stage leaching is to ensure the reduction of Fe^(3+),facilitating subsequent reduction,neutralization,and iron removal processes.Therefore,for the first-stage leaching is recommended to employ compressed air for pressurization,which ensures the Fe^(3+)reduction rate while simultaneously suppressing H_(2)S generation through oxidation.The objective of the second-stage leaching is to enhance the extraction of Zn,Cu,In,Ge,etc.,while controlling the reaction temperature and final acidity to prevent the formation of plumbojarosite(Pb(Fe3(SO_(4))2(OH)6)2).This study utilizes the reducibility of zinc sulfide concentrate to enhance the reductive leaching of acid leaching residue from zinc hydrometallurgy,simultaneously achieving efficient decomposition of phases such as zinc ferrite,iron-bearing sphalerite([ZnxFe1-x]S),and chalcopyrite(CuFeS_(2))and while reducing ferric ions(Fe^(3+))in the leaching solution.The aim is to create favorable conditions for subsequent iron removal via the hematite process.The effects of initial acid concentration,oxygen concentration,and reaction time on the leaching efficiency of target elements and the reduction rate of ferric ion(Fe^(3+))are investigated to determine the optimal reaction conditions,providing a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the reductive leaching treatment of acid leaching residue enhanced by zinc sulfide concentrate.
作者
徐刚
彭晓华
张梅
邹维
晋家强
刘维维
董铁广
梁艳辉
XU Gang;PENG Xiaohua;ZHANG Mei;ZOU Wei;JIN Jiaqiang;LIU Weiwei;DONG Tieguang;LIANG Yanhui(Yunnan Chihong Resources Comprehensive Utilization Co.,Ltd.,Qujing 650011,Yunnan,China;Kunming Metallurgical Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650021,China;National Key Laboratory of Enhanced Metallurgy Technology for Nonferrous Metals,Kunming 650021,China)
出处
《有色金属(冶炼部分)》
北大核心
2026年第1期51-61,共11页
Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy)
基金
云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202302AB080012)。
关键词
湿法炼锌
酸浸渣
铁酸锌
硫化锌精矿
强化浸出
zinc hydrometallurgy
acid leaching residue
zinc ferrite
zinc sulfide concentrate
enhanced leaching
