摘要
【目的】本研究旨在考察不同浓度CO_(2)气调处理对德国小蠊Blattella germanica的致死效果以及德国小蠊对气调处理的生理响应,同时探究温度对气调杀虫的影响,以期为经济且有效地杀灭德国小蠊提供理论参考。【方法】记录40%和50%CO_(2)气调处理不同发育阶段(1-2龄若虫、3-4龄若虫、5-6龄若虫、初羽化24 h内的雌成虫和雄成虫)德国小蠊2 h时的死亡率、30%~100%CO_(2)气调处理1-5 h时德国小蠊雄成虫的死亡率以及22,26,30和34℃下40%和50%CO_(2)气调处理2 h时德国小蠊雄成虫的死亡率;检测不同浓度CO_(2)气调处理3 h和40%CO_(2)浓度气调处理不同时间后德国小蠊雄成虫体内海藻糖含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)的活性。【结果】不同发育阶段德国小蠊在40%或50%CO_(2)浓度气调处理2 h后的死亡率排序为:雌成虫≈1-2龄若虫>3-4龄若虫>5-6龄若虫≈雄成虫。室温(26℃)下,60%CO_(2)气调处理4 h时,德国小蠊死亡率高达100%。不同浓度CO_(2)气调处理后,德国小蠊雄成虫体内海藻糖含量随CO_(2)浓度的提高逐渐降低至最低后,出现升高的变化趋势,在80%CO_(2)下达到最低值(0.72 mg/g)。德国小蠊雄成虫体内SOD和CAT活性随CO_(2)气调浓度的升高及气调处理时间的延长整体呈现先升高后降低的趋势,SOD活性较对照(空气处理组)显著降低。低于40%的CO_(2)气调处理时雄成虫体内SOD,CAT及GST活性随CO_(2)浓度的提高而提高,高于40%的CO_(2)气调处理时SOD,CAT和GST活性降低。22,26,30和34℃下40%CO_(2)气调处理2 h时德国小蠊雄成虫死亡率不断增大。【结论】30%以上的CO_(2)气调处理对德国小蠊具致死效果,并且德国小蠊的死亡率与处理时间和温度呈正相关。CO_(2)浓度升高或处理时间延长会导致德国小蠊体内保护酶、解毒酶活性降低,影响昆虫解毒能力和代谢。室温下60%以上的CO_(2)浓度处理4 h以上,德国小蠊死亡率可达100%,可作为杀灭德国小蠊的CO_(2)处理条件。
【Aim】This study aims to investigate the lethal effects of controlled atmosphere treatments with different concentrations of CO_(2)on Blattella germanica,and the physiological responses of B.germanica to these controlled atmosphere treatments,and explore the influence of temperature on the insecticidal effect of the controlled atmosphere,so as to establish a theoretical reference for the economical and effective control of B.germanica.【Methods】The mortality rates of B.germanica at different developmental stages(1st-2nd instar nymphs,3rd-4th instar nymphs,5th-6th instar nymphs,and newly emerged female and male adults within 24 h)after exposure to controlled atmosphere with 40% or 50%CO_(2)for 2 h,and male adults after exposure to controlled atmosphere with 30%-100%CO_(2)for 1-5 h,and with 40% and 50%CO_(2)for 2 h at 22,26,30 and 34℃were recorded.Additionally,the trehalose content and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione S-transferase(GST)in male adults of B.germanica after exposure to controlled atmosphere with different concentrations of CO_(2)for 3 h and with 40%CO_(2)for different time were measured.【Results】Under the controlled atmosphere with 40% or 50%CO_(2),the mortality rates of B.germanica at different developmental stages at 2 h after treatment were ranked as follows:female adults≈1st-2nd instar nymphs>3rd-4th instar nymphs>5th-6th instar nymphs≈male adults.At the room temperature(26℃),controlled atmosphere treatments with 60%CO_(2)resulted in a 100%mortality rate of B.germanica after 4-h treatment.Following exposure to the controlled atmosphere with varying concentrations of CO_(2),the trehalose content in male adults of B.germanica initially decreased with the CO_(2)concentration increasing,reaching the minimum(0.72 mg/g)at 80%CO_(2)before rising again.As the CO_(2)concentration in controlled atmosphere treatment increased and the treatment time extended,the activities of SOD and CAT in male adults of B.germanica initially rose and then declined,with the SOD activity significantly lower than that of the control group(the air treatment group).The activities of SOD,CAT and GST increased when male adults were exposed to the controlled atmosphere with the CO_(2)concentrations below 40%,while decreased when male adults were exposed to the controlled atmosphere with the CO_(2)concentrations above this threshold.The mortality rates of male adults of B.germanica at 2 h after exposure to controlled atmosphere with 40%CO_(2)under 22,26,30 and 34℃ were continuously increased.【Conclusion】Controlled atmosphere treatment with CO_(2)exceeding 30% has a lethal effect on B.germanica,and the mortality rate of B.germanica is positively correlated with treatment time and temperature.Elevated CO_(2)concentration or prolonged treatment time decrease the activities of protective and detoxification enzymes,thereby impacting the detoxification ability and metabolism of B.germanica.Exposure to CO_(2)at the concentrations above 60%at room temperature for more than 4 h can cause a 100%mortality rate of B.germanica,providing effective treatment conditions for controlling B.germanica.
作者
张珂
兰晓颖
王宗庆
ZHANG Ke;LAN Xiao-Ying;WANG Zong-Qing(Yibin Academy of Southwest University,Yibin 644000,China;College of Plant Protection,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China)
出处
《昆虫学报》
北大核心
2025年第11期1465-1474,共10页
Acta Entomologica Sinica
基金
宜宾市双城市校协议专项科研经费科技项目(YBSCXY202302002)
国家自然科学基金项目(32170458,31872271)。
关键词
德国小蠊
CO_(2)浓度
处理时间
生理响应
死亡率
Blattella germanica
CO_(2)concentration
treatment time
physiological responses
mortality rates
