摘要
在藏语安多方言中,书面语与口语里开音节ri和ru的主元音均央化,音值变为/ə/。Cas、Cis、Cus、Ces、Cos等音节结构的元音音值都演变为/i/;Cil、Cel在口语中元音音值变为/i/,Cul、Col元音音值变为/u/。此外,Ca+vi、Ci+vi、Cu+vi、Ce+vi、Co+vi等音节结构在口语中的元音音值变为/i/,Ca+vu、Ci+vu、Cu+vu、Ce+vu、Co+vu等的元音音值变为/u/。此类音变产生大量主元音为高元音/i/和/u/的同音词,给口语书面化表达及书面语理解造成诸多困扰。本文运用历史语言学、文献语言学及方言描写法,基于前人研究成果,拟测藏文元音符号“■”和“■”的原始音值,探究其在藏语安多方言中的音变过程、音变类型,以及音变发生的缘由和时间段。研究表明,古藏语元音符号“■”和“■”的实际音值为高元音/i/和/u/。随着辅音韵尾/v/、/s/、/l/相继脱落,藏语音节系统内部元音音位发生音变。在音变类型上,历时与共时层面、书面语与口语之间均存在差异。深入剖析藏语安多方言高元音/i/和/u/以及元音系统的音变,不仅有助于揭示藏语在历时和共时维度的语音演变规律,对探究藏缅语族语音演变方向也有重要意义。
In the Tibetan Amdo dialect,the primary vowels in open syllables ri and ru are centralized to/ə/in both written and spoken language;the vowel values of the syllable structures Cas,Cis,Cus,Ces,and Cos have evolved to/i/;the vowel values of Cil and Cel have changed to/i/in spoken language,and the vowel values of Cul and Col to/u/.In addition,the syllable structures Ca+vi,Ci+vi,Cu+vi,Ce+vi,and Co+vi change their vowel sound values to/i/in spoken language,and Ca+vu,Ci+vu,Cu+vu,Ce+vu,and Co+vu change their vowel sound values to/u/.These sound changes results in a large number of homophones whose main vowels are the high vowels/i/and/u/,which cause a lot of trouble for spoken written expressions and written comprehension.This paper employs mehods from historical linguistics,documentary linguistics and dialectal depiction method,and based on the results of previous research,proposes to measure the original phonetic values of the Tibetan vowel symbols“■”and“■”and explore the process of their phonetic changes,the types of phonetic changes,as well as the causes and time periods of the phonetic changes in the Amdo dialect.The study shows that the actual phonetic values of the ancient Tibetan vowel symbols“■”and“■”were the high vowels/i/and/u/.With the successive shedding of the consonantal endings/v/,/s/,and/l/,the vowel phonemes within the Tibetan syllable system underwent phonetic changes.There are differences in the types of sound changes between the ephemeral and copula levels,and between written and spoken languages.An in-depth analysis of the high vowels/i/and/u/and the phonological changes of the vowel system in the Amdo dialect of Tibetan not only helps to reveal the phonological evolution of Tibetan in the ephemeral and co-temporal dimensions,but also is of great significance to explore the direction of the phonological evolution of the Tibetan-Burmese language group.
作者
本杰加
Vbum Skyabs Rgyal(Departmemt of Chinese Language and Literature in Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000)
出处
《青海民族大学学报(藏文版)》
2025年第3期144-158,共15页
Journal of qinghai minzu University(Tibetan Version)
基金
西北民族大学2025年度“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助”(项目编号:31920250001)阶段性成果。
