摘要
藏文的两部奠基之作《三十颂》与《音势论》中均未涉及藏文再后加字的理论,这一缺失导致历代学者对其进行注释与注疏时,争议不断,众说纷纭。该文对历代学者关于再后加字的观点加以汇总,认为古藏语中复韵尾是发音的,若不发音藏文无需如此拼写形式。但目前的文献资料来看,藏文再后加字理论及提出用法最早可以追溯到公元11世纪俄·洛丹希饶所著的《常用正在集要》。后来在此基础上进行了继承与拓展,不断进行了完善。藏语复尾脱落的情形方面,公元9世纪时,卫藏方言中复韵尾“-d”于口语读音里开始弱化并脱落,至第二次厘定时被简化。复韵尾“-d”脱落的同时,“-s”的读音也出现了弱化和不稳定的态势,这可以通过《唐蕃会盟碑》《常用正在集要》等可靠的文献加以验证。然而近些年来,不少学者依据元代史料里藏语人名和地名中复尾-s的音译情况,推测卫藏方言复韵尾脱落时间偏晚。但该文作者认为,元代史料里人名和地名中复尾-s的音译并非是依据当时卫藏方言口语翻译而来,而是依据《文字读法启蒙》所呈现的书面语拼读模式来对音翻译。现代藏语的三大方言体系里,复尾“-s”基本已消失,但是在书面语范畴内仍然发挥着极为重要的作用。它在区分词类与时态变化层面能够起到有效的分辨作用,在彰显程度词和敬语词义方面具备独特的表意功能,在遵循同位后缀组合等规则方面也展现出了极为显著的语法功能特性。
The two foundational works of Tibetan literature,“Sum Cu Pa”and“RtagsVjug”,do not involve the theory of adding characters to Tibetan script.This lack has led to continuous controversy and divergent opinions among scholars throughout history when annotating and commenting on them.This article summarizes the views of scholars throughout history on the addition of characters afterwards,and believes that in ancient Tibetan language,compound rhyme endings are pronounced,and if not pronounced,Tibetan language does not require such spelling forms.However,according to current literature,the theory and proposed usage of adding characters to Tibetan alphabet can be traced back to the 11th century“Dag Yig Nyer Mkho Bsdus Pa”written by Ngog Lotsawa Lobdan Sherab.Later on,inheritance and expansion were carried out on this basis,and continuous improvement was made.In terms of the situation of compound endings falling off in Tibetan,in the 9th century AD,the compound vowel“-d”in the dialect in U and Tsang began to weaken and fall off in spoken pronunciation,and was simplified during the second definition.At the same time as the compound ending“-d”falls off,the pronunciation of“-s”also shows a weakening and unstable trend,which can be verified by reliable literature such as“Tang Tubo Alliance Stele”and“Dag Yig Nyer Mkho Bsdus Pa”.However,in recent years,many scholars have speculated based on the transliteration of the compound tail-s in Tibetan names and place names in Yuan Dynasty historical materials that the compound tail of the U-Tsang dialect fell off later.However,the author believes that the transliteration of the suffix-s in personal and place names in Yuan Dynasty historical materials was not based on the oral translation of the U-Tsang dialect at that time,but on the written language spelling mode presented in the“Yi Ge’i Bklag Thabs Byis Pa Bde Vjug”for phonetic translation.In the three major dialect systems of modern Tibetan,the compound suffix“-s”has basically disappeared,but it still plays an extremely important role in the category of written language.It can effectively distinguish between word classes and tense changes,and has unique semantic functions in highlighting the meanings of degree words and honorifics.It also exhibits significant grammatical functional characteristics in following rules such as the combination of same position suffixes.
作者
斯曲次仁
Srid Chos;Tshe Ring(School of Humanity in xizang University,Lhasa,Xizang 850000)
出处
《青海民族大学学报(藏文版)》
2025年第3期131-143,共13页
Journal of qinghai minzu University(Tibetan Version)
基金
藏财预指[2025]1号中央支持地方高校改革发展资金“民族优秀文化建设项目”(项目号:00061351)阶段性成果。
关键词
再后加字-s
语音脱落
语法功能
Re-post-suffix-s
the sound drops off
grammatical function
