摘要
近年来,因锂离子电池热失控引发的事故频繁发生,在热失控发生之前及时发出预警并进行有效干预,对于保障人员安全、减少财产损失具有重要意义。电化学阻抗谱技术作为一种无损、快速的表征方法,在锂离子电池热失控预警领域受到广泛关注和深入研究。首先,介绍了电化学阻抗谱的测量原理和等效电路模型,分析了电化学阻抗谱用于锂离子电池热失控监测预警的原理和特性;其次,重点综述了当前电化学阻抗谱在锂离子电池热失控早期预警方面的应用,包括直接法和内部温度监测、内短路监测、析锂检测在内的间接法等单独使用电化学阻抗谱的热失控预警方法,以及与温度传感器、气体传感器等其他方法联用的热失控预警方法,从参数选择、特征频率确定、预警指标建立等方面论述了各种方法的实际运用效果,并总结出每种方法的优缺点;最后,展望了电化学阻抗谱技术用于锂离子电池热失控早期预警未来的发展方向和趋势,为建立准确普适的预警方法、提高锂离子电池安全性提供参考。
In recent years,incidents caused by the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries have occurred with increasing frequency.Providing timely warnings and implementing effective interventions before the onset of thermal runaway are crucial for ensuring personnel safety and minimizing property losses.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),a non-destructive and rapid characterization technique,has attracted widespread attention for its potential in thermal runaway prediction and monitoring.This paper first introduces the measurement principles and equivalent circuit models of EIS and analyzes its application principles and key features in monitoring and early warning of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries.Subsequently,the current applications of EIS in thermal runaway warning are summarized,including direct approaches and indirect methods such as internal temperature monitoring,internal short circuit detection,and lithium deposition analysis.Moreover,EIS based warning strategies integrated with temperature sensors,gas sensors,and other detection techniques are discussed.The practical performance of various approaches is analyzed in terms of parameter selection,characteristic frequency determination,and warning index development,and the advantages and limitations of each method are summarized.Finally,the future development directions and trends of EIS-based early warning technologies are discussed,providing a reference for establishing accurate and universal warning systems and enhancing the overall safety of lithium-ion batteries.
作者
陈静
孙杰
李吉刚
周添
卫寿平
张帆
肖云海
CHEN Jing;SUN Jie;LI Jigang;ZHOU Tian;WEI Shouping;ZHANG Fan;XIAO Yunhai(Army Institute of NBC Defence,Beijing 102205,China)
出处
《储能科学与技术》
北大核心
2025年第12期4780-4794,共15页
Energy Storage Science and Technology
基金
陆军装备技术基础项目(145BZB210013420X)
军队高层次科技创新项目(8816846710GN25000G)。
关键词
锂离子电池
热失控
电化学阻抗谱
早期预警方法
lithium-ion battery
thermal runaway
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
early warning methods
