摘要
商品锂离子电池在机械冲击、热冲击和过充短路等滥用条件下易发生起火燃烧甚至爆炸。为了解决这一安全性问题,需要开发高安全性阻燃电解液取代传统易燃烧的碳酸酯电解液。本文综述了高安全性阻燃电解液的研究进展,首先介绍了燃烧机理、阻燃机理和阻燃测试方法,再阐述锂离子电池对阻燃电解液的性质要求,并对阻燃电解液进行分类探讨,包括阻燃添加剂、阻燃溶剂(共溶剂)、高浓度阻燃电解液、离子液体和阻燃型凝胶聚合物电解质。重点对这些高安全性阻燃电解液的配方、阻燃效果、适用的电池体系进行详细阐述。最后对高安全性阻燃电解液未来的研究方向进行展望。
Commercial lithium-ion batteries （LIBs） are easy to catch fire and even explode under abuse conditions such as mechanical shock, thermal shock, overcharge, and short circuit, et al. To resolve this safety concern, it is necessary to develop high safety flame retardant electrolytes replacing the highly flammable conventional carbonate-based electrolytes. This review presents the research progress of high safety flame retardant electrolytes for LIBs. Firstly, the mechanisms of combustion and flame retardant, together with the methods of flame retardant evaluation are introduced. Then, the LIBs demands on properties of flame retardant electrolytes are described, and flame retardant electrolytes are discussed by classifications： flame retardant additives; flame retardant solvents/cosolvents; highly concentrated electrolytes; ionic liquids; and flame retardant gel polymer electrolyte. The formulations, flame retardant effects, and applicable battery systems of these high safety flame retardant electrolytes are mainly focused. Finally, future research directions of high safety flame retardant electrolytes are prospected.
作者
许高洁
王晓
陆迪
姜苗苗
黄苏琪
上官雪慧
崔光磊
XU Gaojie;WANG Xiao;LU Di;JANG Miaomiao;HUANG Suqi;SHANGGUAN Xuehui;CUI Guanglei(Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute,Qingdao 266101,Shandong,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,Shandong,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China;Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,Qinghai,China)
出处
《储能科学与技术》
CAS
CSCD
2018年第6期1040-1059,共20页
Energy Storage Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51625204,51502319)
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016BQ18)
关键词
锂离子电池
安全性
阻燃电解液
lithium-ion batteries
safety
flame retardant electrolytes
