摘要
磷酸铁锂电池凭借高稳定性和长循环寿命,在电化学储能领域占据重要地位。尽管其在储能领域得到广泛应用,但大容量化使热失控风险呈指数级提升,仍需对其热失控特性开展更多的研究以提供数据支持。本研究以280 Ah商用磷酸铁锂方形叠片电池为对象,在100%荷电状态(SOC)下,通过设计阶梯式过充倍率(0.5C、0.75C、1.0C)与加热功率(0.5 kW、0.75 kW、1.0 kW)实验方案,系统探究过充与加热滥用触发条件下电池热失控行为差异。结果表明:随着过充倍率和加热功率增加,电池热失控均表现出触发时间缩短、最高温度升高的特性。两类触发条件下,电池内部反应越剧烈,排气温度越高。电池表面温度攀升均滞后于内部反应,温度峰值出现在热失控后期,实验通过监测电池表面温度、射流温度、电压、质量变化等关键参数,构建多参数雷达图简化评估模型。结果显示,高倍率过充电池热失控过程的热危害水平相近但质量损失较少,高功率加热电池热失控过程的热危害与质量损失均显著增加。该研究为提升磷酸铁锂电池在大规模储能中的安全性提供了基础数据,并为相关领域安全发展提供理论支持。
Lithium iron phosphate(LFP)batteries have become central to electrochemical energy storage owing to their high structural stability and long cycle life.However,as energy capacity increases,the likelihood of thermal runaway also rises significantly,despite LFP's superior thermal stability.Therefore,further investigation of their thermal runaway characteristics is necessary to provide comprehensive data support.In this study,the thermal runaway behavior of 280 Ah commercial prismatic laminated LFP batteries at 100%state of charge(SOC)was systematically examined under stepped overcharging rates(0.5C,0.75C,and 1.0C)and heating powers(0.5 kW,0.75 kW,and 1.0 kW).Key parameters,including surface temperature,jet temperature,voltage,and mass change,were monitored to compare the thermal runaway responses induced by overcharging and external heating.The results show that increasing both the overcharging rate and heating power shortens the thermal runaway initiation time and raises the maximum temperature.Under both triggering conditions,more intense internal reactions lead to higher exhaust temperatures.The rise in battery surface temperature lags behind the internal reactions,with the surface temperature peak appearing in the later stage of thermal runaway.A simplified thermal runaway evaluation model based on a multi-parameter radar chart was developed.The analysis indicates that high-rate overcharging produces comparable thermal hazards but results in lower mass loss during thermal runaway,whereas high-power heating markedly intensifies both thermal hazards and mass loss.This study provides fundamental data for improving the safety of LFP batteries in large-scale energy storage systems and offers theoretical support for the safe development of related technologies.
作者
杨帆
李煌
李志远
李宇轩
姜丽华
王成东
王青松
段强领
YANG Fan;LI Huang;LI Zhiyuan;LI Yuxuan;JIANG Lihua;WANG Chengdong;WANG Qingsong;DUAN Qiangling(State Key Laboratory of Fire Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,Anhui,China;School of Safety and Environmental Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Tai'an 271299,Shandong,China)
出处
《储能科学与技术》
北大核心
2025年第12期4554-4566,共13页
Energy Storage Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52574282)。
关键词
磷酸铁锂电池
热失控特性
触发方式
危害评估
lithium iron phosphate battery
thermal runaway characteristics
triggering method
hazard assessment
