摘要
冀星2号是从黄骅冬枣中选育出的芽变优良极晚熟冬枣新品种。果实长圆形,果皮较薄、暗红色,果肉黄白色,肉质酥脆,汁液多、风味甜;平均单果质量30.81 g,平均果形指数1.10,整齐度0.77。完熟期枣果可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)29.04%,果实去皮硬度6.08 kg·cm^(-2),维生素C含量(可食部分)353 mg·100 g^(-1),可食率97.60%,品质优。果实发育期为112~117 d,在河北省沧州市地区10月中旬完全成熟,较黄骅冬枣晚熟7~10 d;花量少,枣吊着生花序5~10个,每序着生1~3朵,坐果率高;成枝力弱,结果枝组节间较短;枣吊木质化程度高。抗盐碱、耐瘠薄。适宜在河北省沧州市及相似气候类型区栽培。大树高接当年结果,高接换头3 a(年)进入丰产期,具有丰产、稳产特性。
Jixing 2 is a new excellent extremely late-maturing winter jujube cultivar selected from bud mutations of Huanghua Winter Jujube.The initial selected plant was discovered in 2015,with the color and shape of jujube fruits on one branch significantly different from those on other branches;morpho-logical observation was conducted on the mutated branch and compared with Huanghua Winter Jujube,showing stable mutation characteristics.From 2017 to 2024,through 8-year regional trials at 3 locations including Huanghua,Cang County,and Canal District of Cangzhou City,it was finally successfully bred in 2025.This cultivar has moderate tree vigor,weak branching ability,and relatively sparse branch-es and leaves;one-year-old Zaotou(extension shoot)are reddish-brown,perennial branches are tan,and fruiting branch groups have short internodes;lignified jujube shoots have a high degree of lignification;3-to 5-year-old Zaogu(fruiting spurs)produce 2-4 lignified Zaodiao(fruit-bearing shoot)per spur,with lignified fruit-bearing shoots being 19-48 cm long(26 cm on average)and bearing 10-22 leaves(14 leaves on average);leaves are long ovate,dark green,shiny,thick,with shallow serrations on the leaf margins;flowers are dichasial cymes,with yellow nectar discs at initial bloom,mature flower buds are pentagonal,with round edges and light green color,and flower bud diameters are 5.0-5.8 mm;flow-er quantity is small,fruit setting rate is high,lignified fruit-bearing shoots bear 5-10 inflorescences,with each inflorescence bearing 1-3 flowers;flowering begins from late May to early June;flowers belong to the night-blooming type.Fruits are oblong,with thin dark red peel,smooth fruit surface,yellowish white flesh,crisp texture,abundant juice,and sweet flavor;average single fruit weight is 30.81 g,maxi-mum single fruit weight is 57.00 g,average fruit shape index is 1.10,and uniformity is 0.77.At full maturity,the soluble solid content of jujube fruits is 29.04%,total sugar(calculated as sucrose)is 25.60%,total acidity(calculated as malic acid)is 1.47 g·kg^(-1),crude fiber is 0.9%,riboflavin is 1.08 mg·kg^(-1),β-car-otene is 46.80μg·100 g^(-1),iron(calculated as Fe)is 3.21 mg·kg^(-1),zinc(calculated as Zn)is 2.84 mg·kg^(-1),fruit peel-removed hardness is 6.08 kg·cm^(-2),vitamin C content(edible part)is 353.00 mg·100 g^(-1),edi-ble rate is 97.60%,and the quality is excellent.The fruit development period lasts 112-117 days,and it completely matures in mid-October in Cangzhou area,Hebei Province(longitude 115°42′-117°50′,and latitude 37°29′-38°57′),7-10 days later than Huanghua Winter Jujube.This cultivar is resistant to salt and alkali and tolerant to infertile soil.The shelf life of the fruits is 3-5 days at room temperature and can be extended to 30-90 days under cold storage condition.The variety is suitable for cultivation in Cangzhou City,Hebei Province,and similar climate type areas,adult trees can bear fruits in the same year when top-grafted,enter the high-yield period 3 years after top-grafting,and have high and stable yields.It is suitable for planting in plain and mountainous areas with sandy loam,sandy soil,and loam,mainly propagated by grafting,with a plant spacing of(2-3)meters×(4-5)meters,tree shapes may adopt open heart system or small crown sparse layer system,and no pollination trees are needed.
作者
吴颖欣
张旺林
周镇
王贽祥
WU Yingxin;ZHANG Wanglin;ZHOU Zhen;WANG Zhixiang(Cangzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Cangzhou 061001,Hebei,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期3052-3056,共5页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
河北省中央财政林䓍科技推广示范项目(冀TG[2024]010)。
关键词
冬枣
新品种
冀星2号
极晚熟
Winter jujube
New variety
Jixing 2
Extremely late-maturing
