摘要
新茌是莱阳茌梨实生选育的新品种。果实卵圆形,果皮黄绿色,表面粗糙,果点明显,最大特点是可自然脱萼;果肉白色,肉质细脆,石细胞小而少,汁液丰富,脆甜可口,风味浓郁;平均单果质量385.6 g,最大单果质量540.0 g,果形指数1.14;可食率为74%,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)13.7%,果肉去皮硬度7.7 kg·cm^(-2),品质上等。每果实含种子7~10粒;果实发育期约155 d,在烟台地区9月中旬成熟,比莱阳茌梨提前10~15 d;果实耐贮性好,普通冷库可贮藏5~7个月。成枝力中等,以短果枝结果为主,连续结果能力强;抗旱性中等,抗病性强,适宜在山东省内土质疏松、透气性好的壤砂土种植。第3年开花结果,丰产性强,5年生树的产量为3475 kg·666.7 m^(-2),7年生树的产量为3690 kg·666.7 m^(-2)。
The Xinchi pear originated from a chance discovery of a seedling tree of Laiyang Chili in Shengjinbo Village,Guanshui Town,Muping District,Yantai City,in 2009.In 2011,scions were grafted onto 6-year-old Zhongli 1 pear trees for observation.In 2012,they were grafted onto Pyrus betulaefolia rootstocks for propagation,and an orchard was established in 2013.The variety was certified and named Xinchi in 2014,with the new orchard commencing fruit production in 2016.Comparisons were made between the new orchard and top-grafted trees during 2017-2019,confirming stable fruit traits such as average single fruit mass,natural calyx shedding rate,and soluble solid content.A new plant va-riety right was granted(CNA20201003780)in September 2023.The branches of Xinchi pear are dark brown and have a smooth surface.The one-year-old branches are orange-brown.The bark is clean,with large,white,oblong lenticels that are small and sparse,and there are no thorns.The cultivar exhibits sep-arate leaf and flower buds,and the leaf buds are pointed.Young leaves are reddish-brown,ovate,large,and long.The petioles are 3.42 cm long and 0.13 cm thick.Mature leaves are green,with sharp serrated margins and awned teeth,an abruptly pointed leaf apex,and a rounded leaf base.The Xinchi pear has an ovoid shape,with an average single fruit mass of 385.6 g(maximum 540.0 g),similar to Laiyang Chili.Its skin is yellow-green with a rough texture and prominent lenticels.The stem cavity is deep,and the calyx cavity is also deep,with a natural calyx shedding rate of up to 96%,far exceeding that of natu-ral Laiyang Chili(9.5%),which significantly reduces labor and time costs for manual calyx removal.The flesh is white,fine,and crisp,with small and sparse stone cells,abundant juice,and has flesh recov-ery of 74%.At maturity,the peeled flesh has a hardness around 7.7 kg·cm^(-2),and the soluble solids con-tent exceeds 13.7%.It has a rich flavor and superior quality.Xinchi pear trees are vigorous with a semi spreading growth habit.They exhibit moderate branching ability,primarily bearing fruit on short branches,and have a high capacity for continuous fruiting.The fruit development period of the Xinchi pear is 155 days,ripening in mid-September in Yantai area,which is 10-15 days earlier than the Lai-yang Chili.The Xinchi pear has moderate drought resistance and strong disease resistance.The fruit has excellent storage performance,can be stored for 5 to 7 months in ordinary cold storage.They thrive best in sandy loam soil with good fertility and irrigation in Shandong.For orchard establishment,vigorous seedlings are selected.The recommended planting spacing is(3-4)m×(4-5)m.Recommended polli-nizers include Cuiyu and Sucui 1.The preferred tree form is central leader with spaced-out layers.Or-ganic fertilizers should be applied as a priority.The main diseases of Xinchi pear are pear scab,pear rust,pear ring rot,and pear black spot.Major pests include pear psylla,pear aphids,Comstock mealy-bug,and pear fruit borers.The use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides is prohibited in pest con-trol,with preference given to biological and low-toxicity,low-residue pesticides.
作者
王义菊
李庆余
于强
李元军
牟红梅
姜福东
WANG Yiju;LI Qingyu;YU Qiang;LI Yuanjun;MU Hongmei;JIANG Fudong(Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yantai 265500,Shandong,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期3033-3036,共4页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-28-38)。
关键词
梨
新品种
新茌梨
自然脱萼
Pear
New cultivar
Xinchi pear
Natural calyx shedding
