摘要
【目的】探究花粉直感效应对金沙柚坐果率和果实品质的影响,综合评价坐果率和果实品质,为选择适宜的金沙柚授粉父本提供数据支撑。【方法】在2021年和2023年选择马家柚、红肉蜜柚、三红蜜柚、金兰柚、鸡尾葡萄柚等10个不同柚类品种对金沙柚进行授粉处理,通过坐果率和果实品质、变幅系数和主成分分析对12项果实品质性状指标进行综合评价。【结果】采用不同授粉品种对金沙柚授粉,其坐果率、单果质量、果皮厚度、果皮CCI值、可食率、出汁率、囊瓣数、可滴定酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、固酸比共12项品质指标在不同组合间差异显著,变幅为12.92%~3 487.10%,受父本影响程度较大。对上述品质指标进一步进行主成分分析(PCA),累计贡献率均在93.00%以上。主成分分析结果显示,马家柚、红肉蜜柚及沙田柚排名靠前。【结论】异花授粉可以显著提高金沙柚坐果率,适宜的授粉品种对金沙柚的坐果率和果实品质指标有显著影响,表明可以通过花粉直感效应在一定程度上快速改善金沙柚的综合品质,为金沙柚栽培管理提供理论依据和参考价值。
【Objective】Jinsha pomelo[Citrus maxima(Burm.)Merr.]is an excellent local variety in Ji-angxi Province,China,and renowned for its exceptional sensory qualities.Based on our previous obser-vations,self-pollinated Jinsha pomelo exhibited low fruit setting rate and poor fruit quality.Therefore,to ensure sustainable yields and commercial viability of Jinsha pomelo,it is necessary to either enhance natural cross-pollination sources or implement artificial pollination with heterologous pollen.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pollinations with different pollinizer varieties on fruit set-ting rate and fruit quality in Jinsha pomelo,and provide data support for selecting suitable pollen do-nors.【Methods】In this study,experimental trees were selected from Jinsha pomelo top-grafted on ten years-old Poncirus trifoliata rootstocks,exhibiting vigorous growth with no signs of significant pests or diseases.Prior to pollination,flower thinning was performed.In 2021,4-5 full buds per inflorescence were retained for pollination;in 2023,2-3 full buds per inflorescence were retained.All pollinated branches were tagged according to their respective treatments.Inflorescences were isolated pre-anthesis using 28 cm×17 cm parchment bags to prevent pollen contamination.For each pollination combina-tion,200-300 flowers were pollinated,with isolation bags removed 5 days post-pollination.Ten pomelo varieties-including Majia pomelo(GM),Hongroumiyou(FH),Sanhongmiyou(FS),Jinlan pomelo(JJ),Jinsha No.1 pomelo(JL),Taoximiyou(JT),Shatian pomelo(XS),Shangrao sour pomelo(GS)and Jin-gangshan sour pomelo(JS),Cocktail Grapefruit(NP)-were used as pollen donors for Jinsha pomelo in 2021 and 2023.Twelve fruit quality parameters-including the fruit setting rate,single fruit mass,peel thickness,peel CCI,edible rate,juice yield,juice vesicle number,titratable acid(TA),soluble sugar(SS),total soluble solids(TSS),vitamin C(Vc),and TSS:TA ratio-were evaluated through variation range screening by principal component analysis(PCA)for comprehensive assessment.【Results】In vi-tro pollen germination tests across both experimental years confirmed that the germination rate of all the pollen donors exhibited>50%validating their viability for successful pollination and fertilization.In 2021,the pollens of Jinggangshan sour pomelo showed the highest germination rate was detected in Jinggang sour pomelo pollen with(83.15%),while the pollens of Taoximiyou pomelo ranked highest in 2023(74.64%).Furthermore,the twelve fruit quality parameters exhibited significant variation across pollination combinations,with variation ranges from 12.92%to 3487.10%.Among them,the variation of the fruit setting rate among different pollination combinations ranged from 15.45%to 42.36%;the variation of the single fruit mass among different pollination combinations ranged from 20.52%to 38.70%;the variation of the peel thickness among different pollination combinations ranged from 14.74%to 32.73%;the variation of the peel CCI value among different pollination combinations ranged from 39.64%to 3487.10%;the variation of the edible rate ranged from 18.21%to 50.94%;the varia-tion of the juice rate ranged from 30.38%to 50.44%;the variation of the number of juice vesicles ranged from 13.56%to 26.09%;the variation of the titratable acid content ranged from 29.84%to 49.91%;the variation of the soluble solids content ranged from 7.33%to 20.26%;the variation of the soluble sugar content ranged from 14.82%to 31.37%.the variation of the vitamin C content ranged from 19.55%to 25.02%,and the variation of the solid-acid ratio ranged from 34.50%to 50.66%.The cross-pollination results revealed strong pollen-parent dependency in both fruit setting rate and quality parameters.The above quality indicators were further analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA),and the cumulative contribution rates were all above 93.00%in 2021 and 2023.The PCA of replicated two-year trials demonstrated that the key traits governing post-pollination fruit quality in Jinsha pomelo included:the single fruit mass,fruit setting rate,peel CCI,titratable acid(TA),soluble sugar(SS),and total soluble solids(TSS),especially TSS,TA,and TSS:TA ratio.The results of the PCA showed that Majia pomelo(GM),Hongroumiyou(FH)and Shatian pomelo(XS)were regarded as top-performing pollen donors.【Conclusion】In this study,we evaluated the pollinaiton effects of the ten pollen donors(GM,NP,GS,JS,FH,FS,JT,JL,JJ,and XS)on Jinsha pomelo and demonstrated that cross-pollination significantly enhanced the fruit setting rate and quality traits of Jinsha pomelo fruits.The twelve fruit quality parameters were subsequently extracted for principal component analysis(PCA).The scores and rankings of the principal component composite factors ranked Majia pomelo as the optimal pollinizer for Jinsha pomelo,followed by Hongroumiyou pomelo and Shatian pomelo.The results in this study demonstrated that using proper pollinizer would significantly enhanced Jinsha pomelo's comprehensive fruit quality,providing both mechanistic insights and practical guidance for optimizing orchard pollination strategies through pollen donor selection.
作者
赵凌吉
吴霞
刘德春
胡威
匡柳青
宋杰
熊忠华
易明亮
邓万良
刘勇
杨莉
ZHAO Lingji;WU Xia;LIU Dechun;HU Wei;KUANG Liuqing;SONG Jie;XIONG Zhonghua;YI Mingliang;DENGWanliang;LIU Yong;YANG Li(College of Agronomy,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;Ji’an Jinggang Pomelo Development Ser-vice Center,Ji’an 343099,Jiangxi,China;Ji’an County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development,Ji’an 343099,Jiangxi,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期2885-2897,共13页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
江西省重点研发计划揭榜挂帅项目(20223BBF61009)
江西省果业产业技术体系-柑橘轻简高效栽培岗位(Grant No.JXARS-05 The earmarked fund for Jiangxi Agriculture Research System)。
关键词
金沙柚
授粉品种
坐果
果实品质
主成分分析
Jinsha pomelo
Pollinated varieties
Fruit set
Fruit quality
Principal component analysis
