摘要
【目的】探究杂交后代果实品质性状的遗传变异情况,以期为梨杂交育种和亲本选配提供依据。【方法】以母本玉露香、父本秋月及175个杂交后代群体为材料,对果实形状、果实底色等23个描述型性状和单果质量、果实纵径等13个数值型品质性状进行调查与分析。【结果】23个果实的描述型性状出现92个性状分离。13个数值型品质性状的变异系数范围为6.28%(果形指数)~46.69%(可滴定酸含量),遗传传递力为49.18%(单果质量)~241.26%(果肉硬度),优势率表现为-50.82%(单果质量)~141.26%(果肉硬度)。硬度、果梗长度等趋高遗传,果梗粗度、果形指数等趋低遗传。其中果形、果梗长度等受母本影响大,可溶性糖含量、可溶性固形物含量等受父本影响大。【结论】13个数值型品质性状均为多基因控制的数量性状。单果质量、果实纵径及果实横径与果梗粗度呈极显著正相关。可溶性糖含量与可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比呈极显著正相关,可溶性固形物含量与固酸比、糖酸比呈极显著正相关,固酸比与糖酸比呈极显著正相关。果实大小与果心大小呈极显著负相关,果心大小、可滴定酸含量均与糖酸比、固酸比呈极显著负相关,果肉硬度与可溶性糖含量呈极显著负相关。
【Objective】The study aimed to investigate the genetic variation of fruit quality traits in the hybrid progeny derived from a cross between Yuluxiang(Pyrus bretschneideri)and Akizuki pear(Pyrus pyrifolia),in order to provide a theoretical reference for pear crossing breeding and parent selection.【Methods】When the fruits were ripe,30 pears were randomly picked from each tree of hybrid strain and parental plant from four directions,and 23 descriptive traits such as fruit shape and 13 numerical quality trait indexes such as fruit weight were observed and determined,with three replications for each index.Twenty-three descriptive traits and 13 numerical quality traits were investigated for heritability and correlation analyses using the maternal parent Yuluxiang,the paternal parent Akizuki,and 175 hy-brid progeny as materials.Excel 2019 and SPSS 23.0 were used to organize and analyze the data ob-tained from the investigation,and calculate its mean,standard deviation,kurtosis,skewness and other parameters,to observe the genetic variation.Excel 2019 was used to draw its corresponding frequency distribution histogram,and SPSS 23.0 was used to test for normal distribution and draw a normal distri-bution Q-Q plot;and to make correlation analysis between traits.【Results】The descriptive traits of 23 fruits showed 92 traits segregation,in which the inheritance of 10 traits,namely,fruit shape,over color,depth of stalk cavity,width of stalk cavity,arris/fossa on fruit surface,attitude of sepals,relief of area around eye basin,flesh texture,amount of stone cells and juiciness of flesh were inclined to the parent Akizuki,and the inheritance of 6 traits,namely,bulge on the base of stalk,degree of fruit skin smooth-ness,ground colour,dot obviousness,flavor and aroma,was more in favor of the parent Yuluxiang.And the parents performed consistently in 7 traits,namely,attitude of stalk in relation to axis of fruit,persis-tency of sepals,depth of eye basin,width of eye basin,flesh color,flesh texture type and astringency.The traits of fruit shape and fruit flavor were separated greatly,both appeared 8 kinds of segregation,fruit shape included oblate,globose,long globose,ovate,obovate,conical,cylindrica and spindle shaped,the hybrid progeny were mainly oblate and globose.The hybrid progeny was mainly sweet and light sweet.The coefficients of variation for the 13 numerical quality traits ranged from 6.28%(fruit shape index)to 46.69%(titratable acid content),the heritability ranged from 49.18%(Single fruit mass)to 241.26%(flesh firmness),and the heterosis rate ranged from-50.82%(Single fruit mass)to 141.26%(flesh firmness),in which flesh firmness had the highest heritability and positive dominance rate,the strongest additive effect,and outstanding hybrid dominance,which could improve fruit storability to a certain extent,while fruit weight had the lowest heritability and dominance rate,which was highly sub-jected to the influence of environmental conditions.In addition,the fruit weight,fruit length and fruit di-ameter showed obvious degeneration and tended to be low heritability,while the mean values of flesh firmness and fruit stalk length were higher than the median value of parents and tended to be high heri-tability,and the long fruit stalk of Yuluxiang was more likely to inherite to the progeny.The mean val-ues of the stalk thickness and fruit shape index were lower than the median value of the parents,which tended to be less heritable,and the fruit shape was greatly influenced by the parent Yuluxiang.The mean values of titratable acid content were slightly larger than the median value of the parents,but the ratio of those below the low values was much greater than that above the high values,showing a general tendency towards low heritability,and were significantly influenced by the parental Yuluxiang.The solu-ble sugar content,soluble solids content,solid-acid ratio and sugar-acid ratio were greatly influenced by the parent Akizuki,and the soluble sugar content and soluble solids content tended to be inherited in a high degree,while the titratable acid content,solid-acid ratio and sugar-acid ratio tended to be inherited in a low degree.【Conclusion】The 23 fruit descriptive traits showed different degrees of variation.Among the 13 numerical quality traits,9 traits such as fruit length and fruit diameter conformed to nor-mal distribution,and the fruit weight,titratable acid content,sugar-acid ratio and solid-acid ratio were skewed.The fruit weight,fruit length,fruit diameter,core size,fruit shape index,flesh firmness,stalk length,stalk thickness,titratable acid content,soluble solids content,solid-acid ratio,sugar-acid ratio and soluble sugar content were characterized by the inheritance of quantitative traits,and there was trait segregation with different degrees.This experiment would provide a basis for breeding new varieties.
作者
李佳妹
迟悦
王可心
彭建营
张玉星
LI Jiamei;CHI Yue;WANG Kexin;PENG Jianying;ZHANG Yuxing(College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China;Pear Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期2787-2802,共16页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
河北省重点研发计划-现代种业科技专项(20326337D、21326308D)
河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(HBCT2024170202)。
关键词
梨
杂交后代
品质性状
遗传规律
Pear
Hybrid progeny
Quality traits
Inheritance pattern
