摘要
在经济增速放缓叠加人口代际转型的背景下,青年群体的代际流动性问题成为近年来一个重要的社会关切。本文运用六个调查年的微观数据实证考察2010-2020年期间中国25~30岁青年群体工资性收入代际流动性的变化情况。研究发现,2010年到2020年期间,中国25~30岁青年群体工资性收入代际流动性总体呈上升趋势,该趋势在男性青年组和女性青年组中同时成立。按户籍分三组来看,“农村青年”组和“农转非青年”组的工资性收入代际流动性显著上升,“城市青年”组变化不大。外出打工和接受更高程度教育是促进该时期“农村青年”群体向上代际流动的主要原因。对于“农转非青年”群体和“城市青年”群体而言,向上代际流动则面临更高的教育门槛。此外,在注意到青年群体工资性收入代际流动性总体上升这一积极信号的同时,也应关注其背后存在的若干隐忧,如“农村青年”外出打工职业社会经济地位偏低、“农转非青年”住房压力较大、“城市青年”教育竞赛“内卷”加剧等。
With a slowing pace of economic growth and an ongoing demographic transition,the issue of intergenerational mobility among youth has become an important social concern in recent years.Using microdata from six survey waves,this paper empirically examines the changes in intergenerational mobility of wage income among Chinese youth aged 25 to 30 during the period from 2010 to 2020.The results show that the intergenerational mobility of wage income among Chinese youth aged 25 to 30 shows an overall upward trend during the decade.This trend holds true for both the male and the female subgroups.When dividing the sample into three subgroups by household registration status(Hukou),the groups of rural youth subgroup and rural-to-nonagricultural youth subgroup experiences significant increases in mobility,whereas the urban youth group shows little change.For rural youth subgroup,migrating to urban areas for employment and attaining higher levels of education are the main drivers of upward mobility during this period.For the two subgroups of the rural-to-nonagricultural youth and the urban youth,there is a higher threshold for achieving intergenerational upward mobility of wage income through education.Despite the overall improvement in youth wage mobility,several underlying concerns remain,such as the low socioeconomic status of the rural youth who migrate to urban areas to work,growing housing pressure,and the intense education competition.
作者
冯明
赵佳涵
FENG Ming;ZHAO Jia-han(Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,100732;School of Applied Economics,Renmin University of China,100872)
出处
《上海经济研究》
北大核心
2025年第11期18-31,共14页
Shanghai Journal of Economics
基金
国家社科基金项目“不同发展阶段劳动、资本、土地要素报酬份额研究:变化规律、驱动因素、跨国比较”的阶段性成果之一。
关键词
代际流动
青年
农民工
户籍
教育
Intergenerational Mobility
Youth
Migrant Workers
Household Registration
Education
