摘要
针对5G毫米波通信中移动终端天线的电磁暴露安全问题,设计了一款工作于24.9 GHz的紧凑型高增益相控阵天线,并基于ICNIRP 2020标准对其电磁暴露水平进行了系统评估。研究采用COMSOL Multiphysics仿真平台,通过设计微带贴片单元与超表面结构的1×4线性阵列,实现了14 dBi增益和60°波束覆盖范围。电磁暴露评估结果表明:在15 dBm、18 dBm和23 dBm三种输入功率下,入射功率密度(Sinc)峰值分别为6.571 W/m^(2)、12.937 W/m^(2)和41.068 W/m^(2),吸收功率密度(Sab)峰值分别为3.761 W/m^(2)、7.404W/m^(2)和23.503 W/m^(2),其中23 dBm输入时Sinc和Sab分别超过ICNIRP限值(31.1 W/m^(2)和20 W/m^(2));热效应分析显示所有场景下最高温升为0.430℃(23 dBm时头皮层),远低于2℃安全阈值。研究通过多端口独立馈电验证了相位调控对波束扫描的可行性,为5G毫米波移动终端的电磁安全设计提供了重要参考依据。
This study investigated the safety of electromagnetic exposure by mobile-terminal antennas in 5G millimetre-wave communications.A compact,high-gain phased-array antenna operating at 24.9 GHz was designed and its electromagnetic exposure levels were systematically evaluated against the ICNIRP 2020 guidelines.Using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation platform,a 1×4 linear array composed of microstrip patch elements coupled to a metasurface layer was designed,achieving 14 dBi realised gain and 60°beam-steering coverage.The electromagnetic exposure assessment demonstrates that for the input powers of 15 dBm,18 dBm,and 23 dBm,the peak incident power densities(Sinc)were 6.571 W/m^(2),12.937 W/m^(2),and 41.068 W/m^(2),respectively,while the corresponding peak absorbed power densities(Sab)reached 3.761 W/m^(2),7.404 W/m^(2),and 23.503 W/m^(2).For the 23 dBm case,both Sinc and Sab exceed the ICNIRP general-public limits of 31.1 W/m^(2)and 20 W/m^(2).Thermal analysis revealed a maximum temperature rise of 0.43℃ in the scalp under the 23 dBm scenario,well below the 2℃ safety threshold.By employing multi-port independent excitation,the study verified the feasibility of phase controlled beam steering,providing a key reference for electromagnetic-safety-oriented design of 5 G millimetre wave mobile terminals.
作者
杜玥
逯迈
谢圭煜
DU Yue;LU Mai;XIE Guiyu(Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《辐射研究与辐射工艺学报》
2025年第6期86-101,共16页
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing
基金
国家自然科学基金(52467026)
甘肃省教育厅项目(2024CXPT-11)。
