摘要
为了使航空公司自愿报告系统效能评价更系统、科学,帮助航空公司寻找自愿报告系统效能优化方向,研究提出了基于熵权-灰色关联分析-多准则妥协解排序(Entropy Weight-Grey Relational Analysis-VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje,EW-GRA-VIKOR)法的航空公司自愿报告系统效能综合评价模型。首先,从自愿报告系统与安全管理体系(Safety Management System,SMS)关系出发,明确航空公司自愿报告系统效能内涵,并基于该内涵从安全风险管理、安全保证、安全促进3个维度构建航空公司自愿报告系统效能评价指标体系;其次,采用熵权法(Entropy Weight Method,EWM)确定指标权重,并结合灰色关联分析(Grey Relational Analysis,GRA)改进多准则妥协解排序(VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje,VIKOR)法构建航空公司自愿报告系统效能评价模型;最后,应用评价模型对2019—2024年X航自愿报告系统效能进行评价排序,并通过障碍度模型分析自愿报告系统效能障碍因子,进而结合实际问题提出效能优化建议。结果显示:该航空公司自愿报告系统效能在2020年发挥最佳。在稳步推进自愿报告系统应用于安全风险管理工作的同时,该航空公司需重点强化系统在培训教育决策支持及组织内部安全信息交流中的应用,并以此作为当下系统效能优化的方向。
To enhance the scientific rigor of evaluating the effectiveness of airline voluntary reporting systems and to assist airlines in optimizing these systems,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation model based on the Entropy Weight-Grey Relational AnalysisVlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje(EW-GRA-VIKOR)methodology.It begins with a summary of the key components of effectiveness and an analysis of the relationship between voluntary reporting systems and Safety Management Systems(SMS).This paper aims to clarify the concept of effectiveness in airline voluntary reporting systems.Building on this concept,an evaluation index system was developed across three dimensions:safety risk management,safety assurance,and safety promotion.The validity of the index system was verified through rationality scoring,reliability testing,and validity testing.The Entropy Weight Method(EWM)was then employed to determine the weights of the indicators,followed by the application of the GRA-VIKOR method to obtain effectiveness rankings.The EW–GRA−VIKOR evaluation model was applied to assess andrank the effectiveness of Airline X's voluntary reporting system from 2019 to 2024.The feasibility of the GRA-VIKOR method was then validated through a comparative analysis with other methods.Finally,the obstacle degree model was used to analyze the factors contributing to changes in the main obstacles affecting the effectiveness of the voluntary reporting system across different years.This analysis aimed to explore the underlying factors influencing the system's effectiveness.Based on these findings,practical suggestions for optimizing its effectiveness were proposed.The results indicate that the GRA VIKOR method not only aligns with the evaluation results from other methods but also shows significantly greater differentiation in its calculations,thereby greatly enhancing the reliability of the evaluation outcomes.The effectiveness of the airline voluntary reporting system peaked in 2020.While the introduction of the dual prevention mechanism in civil aviation improved the system's effectiveness in safety risk management,it also contributed to a decline in its effectiveness in other areas.While achieving steady progress in safety risk management through the voluntary reporting system,airlines should enhance the utilization of this system as a decision-making tool for training and educational activities.Additionally,it should serve as a valuable source of safety information for internal communication.This approach will help optimize the effectiveness of the airline's voluntary reporting system.
作者
崔振新
郝璐阳
陈泽
CUI Zhenxin;HAO Luyang;CHEN Ze(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;Safety Supervision Department,Xiamen Airlines Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen 361006,Fujian,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期4707-4719,共13页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
中国民用航空局安全能力建设项目(ASSA2023/17)。
关键词
安全工程
自愿报告系统
效能评价
熵权法
灰色关联分析
多准则妥协解排序
障碍度模型
safety engineering
voluntary reporting system
effectiveness evaluation
entropy weight method
grey relational analysis
VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje
obstacle degree model
