摘要
综述了采用静电纺丝技术制备聚合物纳米纤维的研究进展,详细介绍了适用于静电纺丝技术的聚合物材料特点、有机/无机复合材料设计对纤维功能的影响及其应用。简述了静电纺丝设备类型如单针式、同轴式、多流体式及近电场式,以及包括仪器参数、溶液性质和环境条件在内的纺丝参数对纤维结构的影响。总结了可纺合成聚合物和天然聚合物的特点、应用及现有局限,并探讨了引入无机金属颗粒与有机颗粒等不同纳米颗粒对纤维功能的增强效应。回顾了聚合物静电纺丝纤维在柔性能量收集、生物医学与环境水处理领域的研究进展。分析表明,在聚合物中掺杂有机/无机颗粒能够提升纤维功能性,突破单一聚合物纤维在机械强度、响应速度和生物活性方面的局限性。最后,总结了当前聚合物静电纺丝技术的优势与挑战,并对其在未来在绿色加工体系与智能辅助制造的发展趋势进行了展望。
This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress in the fabrication of polymer nanofibers through electrospinning technology,which elaborates on the characteristics of polymeric materials used in electrospinning,the impact of organic/inorganic composite design on fiber functionality,and their diverse applications.A brief introduction is given to the influence of the types of electrospinning equipment(single-needle,coaxial,multi-fluid,and near-field systems)and processing parameters of the electrostatic spinning(including instrumental parameters,solution-related,and environmental factors)on the morphology of fibers.The properties,applications,and limitations of spinnable synthetic and natural polymers are summarized.Furthermore,the enhancement of fiber functionality through the incorporation of diverse nanoparticles,such as inorganic metal and organic particles,is discussed.Recent advances in the application of polymer electrospun fibers are reviewed,focusing on flexible energy harvesting,biomedical fields,and environmental water treatment.Analysis indicates that polymers doped with organic/inorganic particles can enhance fiber functionality,overcoming the limitations of single‐polymer systems in terms of mechanical strength,response speed,and bioactivity.Finally,the current advantages and challenges of polymer electrospinning technology are concluded,with a perspective on its future development trends towards green processing systems and intelligent-assisted manufacturing.
作者
张振兴
魏娟
张森
曹祥祥
夏维龙
孙腾飞
林宜昌
郑宏宇
ZHANG Zhenxing;WEI Juan;ZHANG Sen;CAO Xiangxiang;XIA Weilong;Sun Tengfei;LAM Yee Cheong;ZHENG Hongyu(Center for Advanced Laser Manufacturing,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,China;Shinva Medical Instrument Co.,Ltd.,Zibo,China)
出处
《工程塑料应用》
北大核心
2025年第11期199-207,共9页
Engineering Plastics Application
基金
国家自然科学基金区域联合基金项目(U24A20109)。
关键词
聚合物
静电纺丝
纳米纤维
结构调控
功能应用
polymer
electrospinning
nanofiber
structural regulation
functional application
