摘要
【意义】作为古气候还原及非常规油气勘探的重要载体,细粒沉积岩纹层近年来备受学者关注。然而,目前学术界对湖泊细粒沉积岩中纹层的形成机制及相应识别特征的研究尚不明确。【进展】对湖泊中细粒沉积岩纹层的形成机制、沉积特征及控制因素进行了系统总结。悬浮沉降、重力流远端稀释、底流、火山热液及微生物作用等方式,均可在湖泊环境中形成细粒沉积岩纹层。尽管不同沉积过程可能形成成分、层厚、粒度及形态相似的纹层,但它们在纹层组合、生物扰动以及其他沉积构造特征等方面存在较大差别。这些纹层的形成和分布受古气候和古地理两大类因素控制,古气候通过温度、降水、盐度和风场等要素对纹层进行控制,作用广泛且复杂,古地理通过水深、构造特征和物质来源等要素控制纹层分布格局。【展望】从理论发展和实际应用来看,目前湖泊细粒沉积岩纹层研究仍存在一些问题,未来应在查明纹层形成机制的基础上,发展科学的分类方案和有效的纹层信息提取手段,整合纹层空间尺度的变化,面向非常规油气重大需求,聚焦古气候还原、碳埋藏、生命演化及火星沉积学等前沿问题开展研究。
[Significance]The development mechanism of fine-grained rock laminae is important for paleoclimate re⁃duction and unconventional oil and gas exploration,and has attracted significant attention in recent years.However,the formation mechanism and corresponding identification characteristics of laminae in lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks are still unclear.[Progress]This article systematically summarizes the sedimentary properties and factors influencing the formation of laminae in lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks,such as suspended sedimentation,distal dilution of gravity flow,bottom currents,volcanic hydrothermal fluid and microbial activities.Various sedimentary processes may form similar laminae in composition,lamina thickness,particle size,and morphology,but for genetic identification,significant differences are evident in laminae combinations,bioturbation and other sedimentary features.The formation and distribution of these laminae are controlled by two major factors:paleoclimate and paleogeography.Paleoclimate has a broad,complex control over laminae;paleogeography controls their distribution pattern.[Prospects]From the perspectives of theoretical development and practical application,there remain some outstanding issues in the study of laminae in lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks.In future studies,effective methods for extracting and naming laminae should be developed for identifying their formation mechanism,integrating spatial changes and focusing on groundbreaking issues(e.g.,paleoclimate interpretation,carbon burial,life evolution,Martian sedimentology)to meet the major needs of unconventional oil and gas explora⁃tion.
作者
王铭乾
张元元
朱如凯
郭召杰
李志扬
王俊峰
WANG MingQian;ZHANG YuanYuan;ZHU RuKai;GUO ZhaoJie;LI ZhiYang;WANG JunFeng(School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China;School of Engineering,Texas A&M International University,Laredo,TX 78041,USA;CNOOC Energy Technology&Services Oil Production Services Company,Tianjin 300450,China)
出处
《沉积学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期1897-1918,共22页
Acta Sedimentologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42090021)。
关键词
细粒沉积学
页岩
纹层
非均质性
沉积特征
主控因素
fine-grain sedimentology
shale
laminae
heterogeneity
sedimentary characteristics
main controlling factors
