摘要
矿山浮选工艺中的矿石加工及浮选加药等过程会产生大量的粉尘,与一般矿尘相比,浮选粉尘不仅粒径细、扩散性强,而且因吸附了浮选药剂具有更高的毒理活性,严重危害作业环境与人员健康。对比分析了国内外浮选厂粉尘治理现状,系统分析了破碎、筛分、输送等关键环节的粉尘生成机制及其扩散特性现状。对现有选矿环境的控尘措施进行深入探讨,着重对封闭罩结构、负压抽风、湿法喷雾等多维度的控尘技术方案进行总结,探讨并归纳脉冲袋式除尘器与湿式除尘装置的适用条件。通过对3家典型浮选厂的除尘系统改造案例进行分析发现,多点协同除尘系统可将主要产尘点粉尘浓度降低90%以上,显著改善作业环境。研究提出了构建“源头控制—过程调节—末端收集”一体化除尘系统是提升浮选厂环境治理水平的重要路径,可为矿山营造良好环境提供参考。
In mine flotation processes,ore processing and flotation reagent addition generate substantial amounts of dust.Compared with general mine dust,flotation dust not only possesses finer particle sizes and stronger diffusivity but also exhibits higher toxicological activity due to the adsorption of flotation reagents,seriously endangering the working environment and personnel’s health.The current research status on dust control in flotation plants both in China and abroad was comparatively analyzed,and dust generation mechanisms and diffusion characteristics in key processes including crushing,screening,and conveying were systematically examined.Existing dust control measures in mineral processing environments were deeply investigated,with particular emphasis on summarizing multidimensional dust control technical solutions such as enclosure structures,negative pressure ventilation,and wet spraying.The applicability conditions of pulse bag filters and wet dust collectors were explored and summarized.Through analysis of dust removal system renovation cases in three typical flotation plants,it was found that multi-point collaborative dust removal systems could reduce dust concentrations at major emission points by over 90%,significantly improving the working environment.The research reveals that constructing an integrated dust removal system of“source control,process regulation,and end collection”represents an important pathway to enhance environmental governance levels in flotation plants,providing a reference for creating better mining environments.
作者
时培哲
张鑫
聂兴信
柳智晖
Shi Peizhe;Zhang Xin;Nie Xingxin;Liu Zhihui(School of Resources Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology;College of Architecture and Energy Engineering,Wenzhou University of Technology)
出处
《黄金》
2025年第12期26-32,共7页
Gold
基金
陕西省重点研发计划工业攻关项目(2023-YBGY-137)
陕西省教育厅服务地方专项计划项目(24JC050)
陕西省自然科学基金项目(2024JC-YBQN-0453)。
关键词
浮选厂
粉尘扩散
控尘策略
除尘设备
源头控制
过程调节
末端收集
flotation plant
dust diffusion
dust control strategy
dust removal equipment
source control
process regulation
end collection
