摘要
2025年1月7日西藏自治区定日县发生Ms6.8级地震,此次地震人员伤亡规模显著高于历史上相似震级的地震事件,并且人员伤亡分布呈现出显著的空间差异特征。研究以震后实地调查与文献资料为基础,结合灾害系统理论,从承灾体脆弱性、致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性及人口暴露特征等关键要素出发,系统分析了此次地震灾害的致灾机制。研究表明,震中区域人口密度相对较高,房屋抗震性能较差,这是造成人员伤亡数量显著的首要原因。另外,此次地震破裂过程复杂,表现出明显的方向性效应与上盘效应,增强了地震动的输入能量,再叠加局部软弱场地条件,进一步加剧了灾害影响,导致本次地震呈现出显著的空间差异特征。研究成果有助于深化对青藏高原地区地震灾害致灾机制的理解,为提升青藏高原地区地震灾害损失评估的科学性与精准性提供重要参考。
On January 7,2025,an earthquake of magnitude M S6.8 stuck Dingri County,Xizang Autonomous Region.The scale of casualties was significantly higher than that of historical earthquakes of similar magnitude,and there was a distinct spatial disparity in casuatty distribution.Based on field investigations and relevant literature,this study adopts a disaster system framework to systematically analyze the underlying disaster-inducing mechanisms.From four key dimensions—vulnerability of the exposed elements,hazardousness of seismic sources,sensitivity of the disaster-prone environment,and population exposure—the study identifies the main factors contributing to the severe impacts.The high population density and poor seismic performance of buildings in the epicentral area are found to be the primary causes of the high casualties.Moreover,the earthquake exhibited complex rupture characteristics,including significant rupture directivity and hanging wall effects,which intensified the ground motion damage effect.These effects,coupled with soft soil conditions in certain areas,further amplified the disaster consequences and led to the observed spatial differentiation in casualties.The findings provide important insights into the complex disaster-inducing mechanisms of earthquakes in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,and offer scientific support for more accurate and refined seismic impact assessments.
作者
马健
温瑞智
周宝峰
费伟
李兆炎
李晓丽
尚庆学
MA Jian;WEN Ruizhi;ZHOU Baofeng;FEI Wei;LI Zhaoyan;LI Xiaoli;SHANG Qingxue(Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,Harbin 150080,China;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation,Ministry of Emergency Management,Harbin 150080,China;National Disaster Reduction Center of China,Beijing 100124,China;China Earthquake Networks Center,Beijing 100045,China)
出处
《地震工程与工程振动》
北大核心
2025年第6期95-103,共9页
Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3805203)
中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2023B09)。
关键词
人员伤亡
定日地震
灾害系统
灾害影响
casualties
Dingri earthquake
disaster system
disaster impact
