摘要
华北平原的京津冀地区空气污染严重,其中作为河北省重点工业城市的唐山市,长期位于全国空气质量最差城市前10%。自2013年起中国实施了多项大气污染防治计划,唐山市采取了工业停限产等一系列措施,但是PM_(2.5)或O_(3)浓度仍偶尔超国家标准。本研究使用WRF/CMAQ模型系统比较了唐山市2013和2021年PM_(2.5)和O_(3)的浓度变化,并量化了行业与区域传输的污染贡献。研究发现,与2013年相比,2021年唐山市PM_(2.5)污染显著改善,降幅达到58.7%,尤其冬季的表现突出。但O_(3)改善效果有限,全年平均浓度略上升。工业源对唐山市PM_(2.5)和O_(3)的贡献高达65%,且变化不大。PM_(2.5)污染的前三大主要贡献者从工业源、交通源和农业源变为工业源、居民源和农业源,而O_(3)仍然以工业源和交通源为主。唐山市大气污染以本地排放的贡献为主,本地源对PM_(2.5)的贡献占比从45.2%升至68.4%,外地传输作用明显减弱。相比之下,O_(3)的区域污染来源稳定,本地贡献全年平均64.4%。山东省和天津市是2021年唐山市PM_(2.5)和O_(3)浓度的主要区域传输来源。
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region in the North China Plain(NCP)faces severe air pollution challenges.As a key industrial city in Hebei Province,Tangshan has long been ranked among the top 10%of cities with the worst air quality nationwide.Since 2013,China has implemented national policies such as the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan and the Three-Year Action Plan for Winning the Blue Sky Defense War.Tangshan has responded with measures including production suspensions,yet concentrations of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and ozone(O_(3))still occasionally exceed national standards.Most of the existing studies focus on big cities such as Beijing and Tianjin,and pay little attention to the heavy industry cities in Hebei Province.Therefore,this study used the WRF/CMAQ model system to compare the changes of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)concentrations in Tangshan in 2013 and 2021,quantified the pollution contribution from different sectoral sources and regional transport in the NCP to Tangshan,and comprehensively analyzed the historical change characteristics and causes of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution in Tangshan.Findings reveal that Tangshan saw significant improvements in PM_(2.5)pollution between 2013 and 2021.Annual average concentrations dropped from 106.6μg·m-3 to 44.0μg·m-3,representing a 58.7%reduction,with particularly notable declines in winter.Sulfate,the component with the largest reduction,decreased by 72.3%annually.However,O_(3)pollution showed limited improvement,with the annual average concentration slightly increased.As a heavy industrial city,Tangshan has consistently seen industrial sources as the primary contributors to PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution,accounting for an average of 65%with little annual variation.The top three major contributors to PM_(2.5)pollution have shifted from industrial sources,transportation sources and agricultural sources to industrial sources,residential sources and agricultural sources,while O_(3)is still mainly from industrial sources and transportation sources.Controlling residential emissions should be prioritized in winter,particularly due to seasonal increases in such sources.Regarding regional sources,Tangshan s air pollution is primarily driven by local emissions.The local contribution to PM_(2.5)increased from 45.2%to 68.4%,while the impact of external transport significantly weakened.O_(3)pollution sources remained stable,with an annual local contribution rate of 64.4%.Shandong Province and Tianjin Municipality were the major regional transport sources of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)concentrations in Tangshan in 2021.
作者
董佳昕
王以恒
张照磊
余文萱
蔺广武
王芃
张宏亮
DONG Jiaxin;WANG Yiheng;ZHANG Zhaolei;YU Wenxuan;LIN Guangwu;WANG Peng;ZHANG Hongliang(Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China;Department of Atmospheric and Marine Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China)
出处
《复旦学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第6期663-681,共19页
Journal of Fudan University:Natural Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(42077194/42061134008)
基于溯源式模型和大数据的臭氧和PM_(2.5)预报预警平台项目(22150231J)。
