摘要
人工智能时代,自然人声音的应用日益广泛。《民法典》第1023条第2款规定声音的保护参照适用肖像权保护的有关规定,却未明确声音权益的属性、内容等,亦未设置声音权益的行使规则。声音的利用缺乏确定性指引,侵权事件难以得到有效规制。多数学者支持声音权益的商业化利用,少数持保守看法,至今争论仍酣,尚无定论。宜明确声音权益兼具人格权益、财产权益,明晰声音权益存在多元商业化利用需求,规范解释声音权益的商业化利用,证成声音权益商业化利用的正当性。进而剖析声音权益法律属性争锋、声音权益内容不明、声音权益行使规则模糊之声音权益商业化利用遭遇的理论与现实困境。以此为基础,依循声音利用的不同场景,确立声音权益具有人格权益、个人信息权益、他类具体人格权三重法律属性,明确声音权益的积极、消极双层权能,并类型化设置声音权益的商业化利用规则,最终达致相关主体的利益平衡,以及声音保护与利用的协调。
In the era of artificial intelligence, the application of natural persons’ voices has become increasingly widespread. Paragraph 2 of Article 1023 of the Civil Code stipulates that the protection of voices shall refer to the relevant provisions on portrait rights, yet it fails to clarify the attributes and content of voice rights and interests, nor does it establish rules for their exercise. The lack of guidance for the use of voices makes it difficult to effectively regulate infringement incidents. While most scholars support the commercialization of voice rights and interests, a minority holds conservative views, and the debate remains unresolved. It is advisable to clarify that voice rights and interests encompass both personal and property rights, recognize the diverse needs for their commercial utilization,standardize the interpretation of such commercialization, and justify its legitimacy. Moreover, this study analyzes the theoretical and practical dilemmas encountered in the commercialization, including disputes over their legal attributes, ambiguity in their content, and vagueness in the rules governing their exercise. On this basis, tailored to different scenarios of voice use, a triple legal attribute of voice rights and interests-encompassing personal rights, personal information rights, and other specific personal rights-should be established. The positive and negative dimensions of voice rights and interests ought to be clarified, and categorized rules for their commercial use should be formulated. Ultimately, this approach aims to achieve a balance of interests among relevant parties and harmonize the protection and utilization of voices.
作者
李国强
孙一理
LI Guo-qiang;SUN Yi-li
出处
《东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第6期22-31,155,共11页
Journal of Southeast University(Philosophy and Social Science)
