摘要
我国南方地处热带、亚热带,气候炎热,雨量充沛,野生稻资源十分丰富。早在1917年墨里尔(Merrill,E.D.)在广东罗浮山麓至石龙平原一带发现普通野生稻。1926年丁颖在广州市东郊犀牛尾的沼泽地也有发现,后又在惠阳、增城、清远、三水、开平、阳江、吴川、合浦、钦县等县以及雷州半岛、海南岛、广西的西江流域发现这种野生稻。1935年中山大学植物研究所在海南岛南山岭下及小抱杠山边发现疣粒野生稻。1936年王启元在云南车里县橄榄坝发现疣粒野生稻,又于车里县发现药用野生稻(根据中国科学院昆明植物所标本)。
A general survey and exploration of wild rice germplasm resources throughout China were conducted in 1978-1982.The results show that three wild rice species,Oryza saliva f.sponfanea Roschev.,Oryza officinalis Wall and Oryza meyeriana Baill are now existing in South China.They are distributed over 140 counties(or cities)of 6 provinces and autonomous region(of Guangdong,Guangxi,Yunnan,Jiangxi,Fujian and Hunan).Oryza sative f.spontanea alone was found in 85 counties(or cities);Oryza officinalis in 10 counties(or cities);Oryza meyeriana in 14 counties.Two wild rice species of Oryza sativa f.spontanea and Oryza officinalis coexist in 18 counties;two wild rice species of Oryza sativa f.spontanea and Oryza meyeriana in 5 counties;two wild rice species of Oryza officinalis and Oryza meyeriana in 5 counties.There are 3 counties where all the three wild rice species were found.The distribution area of wild rice in China extends over 97°56’-117°08’E and 18°09-28°14’N.More specifically Oryza sativa f.spontanea is distributed over 100°40’-117°08’E and 18°09’-28°14’N;Oryza officinalis over 99°05’-113°07’E and 18°18’-24°17’N;and Oryza meyeriana over 97°56’-109°56’E and 18°15-24°-55’N.The paper summarizes the achievements of the general survey and exploration of the wild rice germplasm resources in China by 1982,expounds the geographical distribution,botanical characteristics,ecological environment and companion plants of the three wild rice species in China.Some problems regarding the wild rice germplasm resources are also discussed.
作者
全国野生稻资源考察协作组
The Cooperative Team of Wild Rice Resources Survey and Exploration of China
出处
《中国农业科学》
1984年第6期27-34,共8页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
