摘要
本试验通过裹包青贮试验和湖羊饲养试验,研究麦麸和青贮添加剂对笋壳裹包青贮营养物质含量、发酵品质、有氧稳定性及湖羊生长性能和消化代谢的影响,为提高笋壳的饲料化利用提供参考。笋壳裹包青贮试验采用双因素试验设计,A因素为麦麸添加量,设置3个水平,分别为0(A0)、5%(A5)、10%(A10);B因素为青贮添加剂,设置4个水平,分别为无青贮添加剂对照(B0)、0.02%纤维素酶(B1)、1%复合菌液(B2)、0.02%纤维素酶+1%复合菌液(B3)。按照试验设计得到12个组,分别为A0B0、A0B1、A0B2、A0B3、A5B0、A5B1、A5B2、A5B3、A10B0、A10B1、A10B2和A10B3组,每组制作12包笋壳裹包青贮,青贮45 d后每组随机选择3包开封测定发酵品质和有氧稳定性,剩余的笋壳裹包青贮用于湖羊饲养试验。选用72只5月龄左右健康湖羊,随机分为12个组,每组6只(公母各占1/2),每个重复1只羊,单只单笼饲养于消化代谢笼。试验羊每日补饲200 g精料,按照组别自由采食不同加工方式的笋壳裹包青贮。试验期25 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期15 d。正试期最后5 d采用全收粪尿法进行消化代谢试验。结果表明:1)随着麦麸添加量的增加,笋壳裹包青贮的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著提高且中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著下降(P<0.05),而青贮添加剂对影响裹包笋壳青贮上述营养物质含量的影响不显著(P>0.05)。笋壳裹包青贮的干物质回收率(DMR)、粗蛋白质回收率(CPR)和酸性洗涤纤维回收率(ADFR)随着麦麸添加量的增加而显著提高(P<0.05);青贮添加剂显著影响笋壳裹包青贮DMR、中性洗涤纤维回收率(NDFR)和ADFR(P<0.05),其中以添加0.02%纤维素酶时效果最优。2)随着麦麸添加量的增加,笋壳裹包青贮的pH、氨态氮和丁酸含量显著下降(P<0.05),乳酸和乙酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),但是同时有氧稳定时间显著降低(P<0.05);青贮添加剂仅显著影响笋壳裹包青贮的氨态氮和丙酸含量(P<0.05)。3)随着麦麸添加量的增加,湖羊对笋壳裹包青贮的平均日采食量(ADFI)显著增加(P<0.05),摄入氮和沉积氮也显著增加(P<0.05);青贮添加剂显著影响笋壳裹包青贮的ADFI、摄入氮和沉积氮(P<0.05),添加0.02%纤维素酶时湖羊对笋壳裹包青贮的ADFI及摄入氮和沉积氮较高。综上所述,在对笋壳进行裹包青贮时添加麦麸和青贮添加剂均能改善笋壳裹包青贮的发酵品质,促进湖羊采食;添加麦麸对笋壳裹包青贮的营养品质和发酵品质的改良效果优于青贮添加剂;添加10%的麦麸可获得优质的笋壳裹包青贮,在此基础上添加0.02%纤维素酶可进一步提升笋壳裹包青贮在湖羊上的饲用价值。
In order to provide a reference for improving the utilization of bamboo shoot shells(BSS)as feed,this experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of wheat bran and silage additives on the nutrient content,fermentation quality,aerobic stability of BSS wrapped silage,as well as on the growth performance and digestion and metabolism of Hu sheep,through wrapped silage trial and Hu sheep feeding trial.The BSS wrapped silage trial adopted a two-factor experimental design.Factor A was the wheat bran addition level,with three levels:0(A0),5%(A5),and 10%(A10).Factor B was the silage additives,with four levels:no silage additives control(B0),0.02%cellulase(B1),1%composite bacterial solution(B2),and 0.02%cellulase+1%composite bacterial solution(B3).According to the experimental design,12 groups were established:groups A0B0,A0B1,A0B2,A0B3,A5B0,A5B1,A5B2,A5B3,A10B0,A10B1,A10B2,and A10B3.Twelve bags of BSS wrapped silage were produced for each group.After 45 days of ensiling,three bags were randomly selected from each group for unsealing to determine fermentation quality and aerobic stability.The remaining BSS wrapped silage were used for the Hu sheep feeding trial.A total of 72 healthy Hu sheep aged approximately 5 months were selected and randomly divided into 12 groups,with 6 sheep per group(half male and half female).Each sheep was housed individually in a digestion metabolism cage as a single replicate.During the trial,the sheep were supplemented with 200 g of concentrate daily and allowed ad libitum access to BSS wrapped silage processed differently according to their respective groups.The experiment lasted 25 days,including a 10-day adaptation period and a 15-day formal trial period.During the last 5 days of the formal trial,a digestion and metabolism trial was conducted using the total collection method of feces and urine.The results showed as follows:1)with the increase of wheat bran addition level,the dry matter(DM)and crude protein(CP)contents of BSS wrapped silage significantly increased(P<0.05),while the neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)contents significantly decreased(P<0.05).In contrast,silage additives had no significant effects on the above nutrient contents(P>0.05).The dry matter recovery(DMR),crude protein recovery(CPR),and acid detergent fiber recovery(ADFR)of the BSS wrapped silage significantly improved with increasing wheat bran addition level(P<0.05).Silage additives significantly affected DMR,neutral detergent fiber recovery(NDFR),and ADFR(P<0.05),with the addition of 0.02%cellulase showing the optimum effect.2)With the increase of wheat bran addition level,the pH,ammonia nitrogen(NH 3-N)and butyric acid contents of the BSS wrapped silage significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the lactic acid and acetic acid contents significantly increased(P<0.05);however,the aerobic stability time was significantly reduced(P<0.05).Silage additives only significantly affected the ammonia nitrogen and propionic acid content of the BSS wrapped silage(P<0.05).3)As the wheat bran addition level increased,the average daily feed intake(ADFI)of Hu sheep for the BSS wrapped silage significantly increased(P<0.05),and both nitrogen intake and nitrogen retention also significantly increased(P<0.05).Silage additives significantly affected the ADFI of BSS wrapped silage,nitrogen intake,and nitrogen retention of Hu sheep(P<0.05).The addition of 0.02%cellulase resulted in relatively higher ADFI,nitrogen intake,and nitrogen retention of Hu sheep.In summary,the addition of wheat bran and silage additives during the ensiling of BSS can improve the fermentation quality of the BSS wrapped silage and promote the feed intake of Hu sheep.The improvement in nutritional quality and fermentation quality of the BSS wrapped silage are more pronounced with wheat bran addition than with silage additives.Adding 10%wheat bran can obtain high-quality BSS wrapped silage,and the further addition of 0.02%cellulase can enhance its feeding value for Hu sheep.
作者
刘远
徐倩
蔡薇
陈翔
邱贞兰
汤子喜
吴贤锋
李文杨
LIU Yuan;XU Qian;CAI Wei;CHEN Xiang;QIU Zhenlan;TANG Zixi;WU Xianfeng;LI Wenyang(Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science,Fuzhou 350013,China;Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding,Fuzhou 350013,China;Fujian Youxi Animal Husbandry Station,Sanming 365100,China;Fujian Youxi Veterinary Epidemic Disease Control and Prevention Center,Sanming 365100,China;Youxi Xinsheng Animal Husbandry Co.,Ltd.,Sanming 365100,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第11期7657-7670,共14页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2022R11010025-15)
福建省科技厅星火计划项目(2024S0026)
福建省人民政府-中国农业科学院农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021008)。
关键词
笋壳
麦麸
青贮添加剂
裹包青贮
发酵品质
有氧稳定性
湖羊
消化代谢
bamboo shoot shell
wheat bran
silage additives
wrapped silage
fermentation quality
aerobic stability
Hu sheep
digestion and metabolism
