摘要
本试验旨在探究不同加工方式玉米秸秆对安格斯牛温室气体排放的影响,为秸秆饲料化利用、肉牛健康养殖和节能减排提供参考。试验选择18头健康、体况良好的(16±1)月龄安格斯公牛,根据体重[(499.06±44.21)kg]一致原则,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头。各组试验牛饲喂相同的精料补充料,并分别饲喂以揉丝玉米秸秆(揉丝组)、黄贮玉米秸秆(黄贮组)和汽爆玉米秸秆(汽爆组)组成的粗饲料。预试期10 d,正试期160 d。试验牛饲喂4个月后,每批次每组随机选取2头牛,通过“6连排大型动物呼吸测热装置”开展温室气体(二氧化碳和甲烷)排放量检测,共3批次。结果表明:1)汽爆组肉牛平均日增重显著高于揉丝组(P<0.05);同时,汽爆组粗纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著高于揉丝组(P<0.05)。2)黄贮组和揉丝组瘤胃pH显著低于汽爆组(P<0.05);黄贮组瘤胃氨态氮含量显著高于揉丝组和汽爆组(P<0.05)。3)与揉丝组相比,黄贮组和汽爆组二氧化碳日排放量分别降低8.70%和12.03%(P>0.05),每kg干物质采食量二氧化碳排放量分别降低24.93%和28.66%(0.05≤P<0.10),每kg增重二氧化碳排放量分别降低29.21%和57.40%(P<0.05);黄贮组和汽爆组甲烷日排放量分别降低14.52%和3.98%(P>0.05),每kg干物质采食量甲烷排放量分别降低29.29%和21.74%(0.05≤P<0.10),每kg增重甲烷排放量分别降低35.79%和54.73%(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉牛饲粮中添加一定比例的黄贮或汽爆玉米秸秆,可一定程度上降低二氧化碳和甲烷排放量,实现肉牛健康养殖和节能减排。
This experiment aimed to explore the effects of different processed corn straws on greenhouse gas emission of Angus cattle,providing references for the utilization of straw as feed,healthy breeding of beef cattle,and energy conservation and emission reduction.Eighteen healthy and well-in condition(16±1)month-old Angus bulls were selected for the experiment.According to the principle of consistent body weight[(499.06±44.21)kg],they were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 6 replicates in each group and 1 cattle in each replicate.The experimental cattle in each group were fed the same concentrate supplement,and were fed roughages composed of shredded corn straw(shredded group),yellow silage of corn straw(yellow silage group),and steam-exploded corn straw(steam-exploded group),respectively.The pre-experiment was 10 days and the formal experiment was 160 days.After the experimental cattle were fed for four months,two cattle were randomly selected from each batch and group,and the greenhouse gas(carbon dioxide and methane)emissions were detected through the“six-row large animal respiratory calorimeter equipment”,for a total of three batches.The results showed as follows:1)the average daily gain of beef cattle in the steam-exploded group was significantly higher than that in the shredded group(P<0.05);meanwhile,the apparent digestibilities of crude fiber and acid detergent fiber in the steam-exploded group were significantly higher than those in the shredded group(P<0.05).2)The rumen pH in the yellow silage group and the shredded group was significantly lower than that in the steam-exploded group(P<0.05).The rumen ammonia nitrogen content in the yellow silage group was significantly higher than that in the shredded group and the steam-exploded group(P<0.05).3)Compared with the shredded group,the daily carbon dioxide emission in the yellow silage group and the steam-exploded group was decreased by 8.70%and 12.03%(P>0.05),the carbon dioxide emission per kg of dry matter intake was decreased by 24.93%and 28.66%(0.05≤P<0.10),and the carbon dioxide emissions per kg of gain was decreased by 29.21%and 57.40%(P<0.05),respectively;the daily methane emission in the yellow silage group and the steam-exploded group was decreased by 14.52%and 3.98%(P>0.05),the methane emission per kg of dry matter intake was decreased by 29.29%and 21.74%(0.05≤P<0.10),and the methane emissions per kg of gain was decreased by 35.79%and 54.73%(P<0.05),respectively.In conclusion,adding a certain proportion of yellow silage or steam-exploded corn straw to the diet for beef cattle can reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and methane to a certain extent,achieving healthy beef cattle breeding and energy conservation and emission reduction.
作者
赵子骄
孙庆余
赵宝
孙明远
赵春生
钟荣珍
ZHAO Zijiao;SUN Qingyu;ZHAO Bao;SUN Mingyuan;ZHAO Chunsheng;ZHONG Rongzhen(Jilin Province Feed Processing and Ruminant Precision Breeding Cross Regional Cooperation Technology Innovation Center,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;Tianjin Grain Source Technology Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300074,China;Jilin Gerunjia Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130102,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第11期7631-7644,共14页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
通辽市科技计划项目(TL2023YF026)
中国科学院A类战略先导专项(XDA28020400)
吉林省与中国科学院科技合作高新技术产业化专项(2024SYHZ0003,2025SYHZ0017)
吉林省科技发展计划项目(YDZJ202301ZYTS335)。
关键词
安格斯牛
玉米秸秆
揉丝
黄贮
汽爆
温室气体
Angus cattle
corn straw
shredded
yellow silage
steam-exploded
greenhouse gas
