摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加大蒜素对热应激干奶牛被动免疫转移及犊牛血清指标的影响,为缓解干奶期奶牛热应激及改善犊牛健康提供依据。选取60头经产荷斯坦干奶牛[胎次(2.25±0.43),体重(650±43)kg],随机分为4组,每组15个重复,每个重复1头。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮的基础上添加3(ALL3组)、6(ALL6组)和9 g/d(ALL9组)大蒜素。预试期14 d,正试期60 d(从产前60 d至分娩当天)。结果表明:1)试验期间,牛舍温湿度指数(THI)平均值为78.1,高于奶牛的耐热阈值;同时,饲粮添加大蒜素对奶牛直肠温度无显著影响(P>0.05),表明奶牛处于热应激状态。2)与CON组相比,ALL3组初乳免疫球蛋白M含量显著提高(P<0.05);随着饲粮中大蒜素添加量的提高,犊牛血清免疫球蛋白G含量呈先升高后降低的二次变化(P<0.05);饲粮添加大蒜素对犊牛初生重和断奶重无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)与CON组相比,ALL3组犊牛血清超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著提高(P<0.05);随着饲粮中大蒜素添加量的提高,犊牛血清白细胞介素-6含量、谷丙转氨酶活性和非酯化脂肪酸含量呈先降低后升高的二次变化(P<0.05)。4)血清代谢组分析表明,大蒜素显著上调了母牛血清胆汁酸相关代谢物(如3-氧代胆酸、熊去氧胆酸)含量(P<0.05),并使代谢物显著富集在胆汁分泌、酪氨酸代谢以及炎症相关通路上(P<0.05)。综上所述,在热应激状态下,干奶牛饲粮添加3 g/d大蒜素虽未缓解热应激状态,但可通过影响母牛血液代谢通路提高初乳免疫球蛋白含量,增强犊牛抗氧化和抗炎能力,改善被动免疫转移。
This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary allicin on passive immune transfer in heat-stressed dry dairy cows and serum indices of calves,providing a basis for alleviating heat stress in dry dairy cows and improving the health of calves.Sixty multiparous Holstein cows with parities of(2.25±0.43)and body weight of(650±43)kg were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups,with 15 replicates in each group and 1 cow in each replicate.Cows in the control group(CON group)were fed a basal diet,while those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 3(ALL3 group),6(ALL6 group),and 9 g/d(ALL9 group)of allicin,respectively.The pre-trial period was 14 days,and the formal trial period was 60 days(from 60 days before delivery to the day of delivery).The results showed as follows:1)during the experiment,the average value of temperature-humidity index(THI)in the cowshed was 78.1,which was higher than the heat tolerance threshold of dairy cows;meanwhile,dietary allicin had no significant effect on the rectal temperature of dairy cows(P>0.05),indicating that the dairy cows were in a state of heat stress.2)Compared with CON group,the immunoglobulin M content in colostrum in ALL3 group were significantly increased(P<0.05);with the increase of allicin addition in the diet,the immunoglobulin G content in serum of calves showed a quadratic change of first increasing and then decreasing(P<0.05);dietary allicin had no significant effect on the birth weight and weaning weight of calves(P>0.05).3)Compared with CON group,the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in serum of calves in ALL3 group were significantly increased(P<0.05);with the increase of allicin addition in the diet,the interleukin-6 content,alanine aminotransferase activity and non-esterified fatty acid content in serum of calves showed a quadratic change of first decreasing and then increasing(P<0.05).4)The serum metabolome analysis indicated that allicin significantly upregulated the contents of bile acid-related metabolites(such as 3-oxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid)in serum of cows(P<0.05),and significantly enriched the metabolites in bile secretion,tyrosine metabolism,and inflammation-related pathways(P<0.05).In conclusion,under the condition of heat stress,although adding 3 g/d allicin to the diet for dry dairy cows does not alleviate the heat stress state,it can increase the colostrum immunoglobulin content by influencing the blood metabolic pathways of cows,enhance the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities of calves,and improve passive immune transfer.
作者
李志杰
徐宏建
赵志飞
朱宽
沈宜钊
王猛
李妍
孙凤莉
张秀江
剧勍
王美美
马峰涛
高艳霞
李建国
LI Zhijie;XU Hongjian;ZHAO Zhifei;ZHU Kuan;SHEN Yizhao;WANG Meng;LI Yan;SUN Fengli;ZHANG Xiujiang;JU Qing;WANG Meimei;MA Fengtao;GAO Yanxia;LI Jianguo(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle(Co-Construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo,Baoding 071001,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271000,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Baoding 071000,China;Baoding Animal Husbandry Station,Baoding 071000,China;College of Life Science,Cangzhou Normal University,Cangzhou 061001,China;Hebei Provincial Dairy Industry Technology Research Institute,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第11期7617-7630,共14页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
生物农业联合基金重点项目(C2022204248)
国家奶牛产业技术体系(CARS-36-20)
河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛创新团队(HBCT2023180207)
河北省高端人才项目(6012018)。
关键词
大蒜素
干奶牛
被动免疫转移
犊牛
血清指标
allicin
dry dairy cows
passive immune transfer
calves
serum indices
