摘要
《刑事诉讼法》及相关规范性解释对于被害人近亲属均有所提及,虽然出现频率不高,却在名义上赋予其实施部分程序行为的资格。归纳起来,被害人近亲属可以完全或有限地享有程序启动、获得法律帮助、支持诉讼、知情及请求救济等具体权限。不过,这一系列的权利配置尚存在某些难以自圆其说的内在疑点。其结果,司法实践中涉及被害人近亲属的诸项诉讼行为难免会诱发某些争议问题。这种现实影响从审前阶段一直延伸至庭审期间,甚至能够波及案件的裁判结果。究其根源,宏观上可归结至刑事诉讼的规范设计往往侧重于实际问题的解决,而非理论目标的达成;中观上则源于司法办案机关极致追求“案结事了”的社会效果;微观上或由于作为近亲属授权来源的被害人,本就存在着自身内涵及功能不甚清晰的问题。基于此,破解被害人近亲属之角色难题的关键,可精炼为“先正其‘名’,后助其‘实’”的思路。亦即,首先针对被害人近亲属的程序参与,宜在规范层面区分不同具体情形设定相应的身份转化机制,继而在值班律师的专业支持、办案机关的告知义务履行等实践环节进行必要的制度补强。
The Criminal Procedure Law and relevant normative interpretations both mention close relatives of victims.Though infrequently referenced,they nominally confer upon the relatives the capacity to undertake certain procedural actions.In summary,the close relatives of victims may fully or partially enjoy specific procedural rights,including the authority to initiate proceedings,obtain legal assistance,support litigation,be informed,and seek a remedy.However,this configuration of rights suffers from certain inherent inconsistencies that are difficult to reconcile.As a result,judicial practice involving litigation actions by close relatives of victims inevitably gives raise to contentious issues.The practical implications of inconsistencies in the allocation of rights to the victim's close relatives extend from the pre-trial stage through to the court proceedings,and may even influence the final adjudication of the case.At the macro-level,the root cause can be traced to the normative design of criminal proceedings,which often prioritises the resolution of practical problems over the attainment of theoretical objectives;at the meso-level,it stems from judicial authorities'extreme pursuit of the social effect of concluding cases and resolving matters;at the micro-level,it may arise from the inherently unclear nature and function of the victim,who serves as the source of authorisation for the close relatives.Accordingly,the key to resolving the role dilemma of the victim's close relatives can be distilled into the approach of"rectifying their nominal,then assisting their substantial".In other words,regarding the procedural participation of the victims'close relatives,it is advisable to establish distinct identity conversion mechanisms tailored to specific scenarios at the regulatory level.Subsequently,necessary institutional reinforcements should be implemented in practical aspects such as professional support from duty lawyers and the fulfilment of investigating authorities'notification obligations.
作者
孙皓
Sun Hao(Tianjin University Law School,Tianjin 300072)
出处
《政法论丛》
北大核心
2025年第6期86-98,共13页
Journal of Political Science and Law
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“少捕慎押背景下监视居住功能实现路径研究”(23BFX173)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
被害人近亲属
诉讼角色
当事人
程序参与
victims'close relatives
litigation role
litigation party
procedural participation
