摘要
聚乙烯微细纤维具有质轻、高强、耐腐蚀、化学稳定性好等优异性能,兼具高比表面积、防水透气等优势,成为纤维材料领域的重点研究对象。受限于熔体黏度高、不易溶解等固有特性,聚乙烯纤维的直径细化研究存在技术瓶颈。系统梳理了聚乙烯微细纤维的闪蒸纺丝法、瞬时释压法、静电纺丝法及加热拉丝法等成形加工方法的研究进展,通过分析各方法的成形原理和规模化生产能力,评估其工业化潜力及应用前景。纤维成形过程中,原料特性及工艺参数会显著影响纤维分子结构演变规律,本文通过解析聚乙烯缠结点、相对分子质量、晶型变化及微观结构演变,阐释纤维结构与性能的关系,重点分析各要素对力学性能的调控机制。基于可持续发展需求,提出未来应着力突破生物基可再生原料开发、环境友好型成形工艺创新及可控降解材料设计三大方向,推动现有聚乙烯微细纤维成形技术的绿色化升级。
Polyethylene microfibers have been widely studied for their excellent properties such as light weight,high strength,corrosion resistance,and good chemical stability,as well as advantages such as high specific surface area,waterproof and breathable properties.However,due to inherent characteristics such as high melt viscosity and difficulty in dissolution,there are technical bottlenecks in the study of diameter refinement of polyethylene fibers.This article reviews the research progress of forming methods for polyethylene microfibers,such as flash spinning,flash-pressure-release method,electrospinning,and heating drawing spinning.By analyzing the forming principles and large-scale production capacity of each method,we evaluate their industrial potential and application prospects.In the process of fiber forming,the characteristics of raw materials and process parameters can significantly affect the evolution of fiber molecular structure.This article explains the relationship between structure and properties of fiber by analyzing four elements:number of entanglements,relative molecular weight,changes in crystal form,and microstructure evolution,and focuses on analyzing the regulatory mechanisms of each element on the mechanical property.Based on the demand for sustainable development,it is proposed that in the future,efforts should be made to break through three major directions:the development of bio-based renewable raw materials,innovation in environmentally friendly forming methods,and design of controllable degradable materials,in order to promote the green upgrading of existing polyethylene microfiber forming technology.
作者
赵增辉
朱倩沁
翟功勋
俞森龙
周哲
相恒学
朱美芳
ZHAO Zenghui;ZHU Qianqin;ZHAI Gongxun;YU Senlong;ZHOU Zhe;XIANG Hengxue;ZHU Meifang(Daqing Chemical Research Center,China National Petroleum Corporation Limited,Daqing,Heilongjiang,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai,China;Xiamen Dangsheng New Materials Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen,Fujian,China)
出处
《东华大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第6期218-225,共8页
Journal of Donghua University(Natural Science)
基金
新材料重大专项项目(2024ZD0603300)。
关键词
聚乙烯
微细纤维
纤维成形
研究进展
polyethylene
microfibers
fibers forming
research progress
