摘要
为明确不同土壤改良措施对连作病土修复效果的差异,本研究探究了生物防治、土壤强还原、化学熏蒸处理在田间对苦瓜病土(对照)微生物群落特征调控以及病害防控的影响。与对照相比,生物防治、土壤强还原、化学熏蒸处理中的枯萎病发病率分别显著降低88.1%、95.2%与92.9%,潜在病原菌尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)与腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)数量分别降低73.9%、99.5%、98.5%与46.4%、98.0%、97.8%。各处理显著改变了土壤微生物群落组成,土壤强还原处理中的有益菌群种类及其相对丰度显著高于其他处理,而化学熏蒸处理显著富集了部分真菌型病原菌。生物防治和土壤强还原处理中的反硝化基因数量(nirS、narG、nosZ)较对照和化学熏蒸处理显著增加,且土壤强还原处理中的固氮菌数量最高。此外,土壤强还原和化学熏蒸处理中的细菌和真菌群落功能组成较对照与生物防治发生显著变化,化学熏蒸处理中的病理营养型真菌丰度显著高于土壤强还原处理,而后者显著富集了腐生营养型真菌。综上,相较于生物防治和化学熏蒸处理,土壤强还原处理能够从显著降低病原菌数量、优化土壤微生物群落及其功能组成等多角度改良连作病土的微生态环境。本研究结果可为土传病害防控策略的合理选择提供理论依据与数据支撑。
To clarify the differences in the efficacy of various soil amendment strategies for improving continuous cropping-diseased soil,this study investigated the impacts of biological control,reductive soil disinfestation,and chemical fumigation on the regulation of microbial community characteristics and disease suppression in bitter melon diseased soil(control)under field conditions.Compared with the control,the incidence of Fusarium wilt was significantly reduced by 88.1% with biological control,95.2% with reductive soil disinfestation,and 92.9% with chemical fumigation.The populations of the pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani decreased by 73.9%,99.5%,98.5% and 46.4%,98.0%,97.8% in respective treatments.All treatments significantly altered soil microbial community composition,with reductive soil disinfestation demonstrating markedly higher richness and abundance of beneficial microbes compared to other treatments,while chemical fumigation significantly enriched certain fungal pathogens.The populations of denitrification genes(nirS,narG,and nosZ)increased significantly in biological control and reductive soil disinfestation treatments compared to the control and chemical fumigation,with reductive soil disinfestation exhibiting the highest nitrogen-fixing population.Furthermore,functional composition of bacterial and fungal communities significantly diverged in reductive soil disinfestation and chemical fumigation treatments compared to the control and biological control.However,the relative abundance of pathogenic fungi was significantly higher in the treatment of chemical fumigation compared to reductive soil disinfestation,while the latter treatment showed marked enrichment of saprotrophic fungi.In conclusion,compared to biological control and chemical fumigation,reductive soil disinfestation demonstrated superior efficacy in remediating micro-ecological environment of continuous cropping diseased soil by decreasing pathogen populations,enriching microbial community and functional composition.The results of this study provide theoretical and empirical foundations for optimizing soil-borne disease control strategies.
作者
刘亮亮
沈康宁
曾勇
杨东海
邵勤
李兴杰
周杏
黄新琦
LIU Liangliang;SHEN Kangning;ZENG Yong;YANG Donghai;SHAO Qin;LI Xingjie;ZHOU Xing;HUANG Xinqi(College of Life Science and Environmental Resources,Yichun University,Yichun,Jiangxi 336000;School of Geography Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023)
出处
《核农学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期55-65,共11页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金地区项目(32460802)
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U21A20226)
宜春市重点基础研究项目(2023ZDJCYJ09)。
关键词
健康土壤
土传病害
土壤强还原消毒
微生物区系
功能预测
healthy soil
soil-borne disease
reductive soil disinfestation
microbial community
functional prediction
