摘要
民国二十年的大水和二十三年的大旱是近百年来罕有的现象。这两次浩劫不单给与国人之生命财产以重大创伤,同时也成功了中国气象研究上最感迫切的中心问题。关於这两次水旱钜灾刘治华朱炳海,两先生曾先後撰文阐明了致灾的天气因素和原理。当时因收集国外气象材料颇费时日,他们的敍述就不得不偏重於国内的天气情形,不过在讨论中他们也曾顾及到东亚天气的影响,尤其是日本海的高历和亲潮寒流。
By analysing the causes of the great flood of 1931 and the severe drought of 1934 the author found that(1)the number of continental shallow depreessions,(2)the intensity of the Japanese high pressure and the time of its southward migration and(3)the intensity of the Pacific high pressure were closely related with the flood and the drought.The greater number of shallow depressions in the summer of 1931 and a well developed high pressure over the sea of Japan blocking the tracks of these depressions were directly responsible for the disast-rous flood in the Yangtze valley.On the other hand the drought of 1934 was the result of the interaction of the following causes:(1)too few cyclones in the summer,(2)a weak Japanese high pressure and its too early arrival in the sea of Japan and(3)a strong Pacific high pressre.It is found that the strength of the Japanese high pressure and the time of its southward migration were clo-sely related with winter and spring temperature conditions of northeastern Siberia and the Behring sea.If the winter and spring temperatures of these regions were exceptio-ally low then the Japanese high pressure in the following summer would be strong and the time of its southward migration also delayed.On the other hand,if the winter and spring temperatures of these places were above nor-mal the intensity of the Japanese high pressure would be weak and the time of its southward migration would be earlier than usual.Both the great flood of 1931 and the severe drought of 1934 were world wide phenomena and there must be some common world causes.It was found that the greater num-ber of shallow depressions and the greater activity of some of the centres of action were the common world wide causes for floods.And both of these were the re-sults of increased general circulation of the atmosphere.The world wide severe drought of 1934 was caused by the northward migration of the high pressure belts in the middle latitudes.In Asia this was represented by the well developed Pacific high pressure,and its invasion into the Asia continent was responsible for the drought.Great the flood of 1931 and severe the drought of 1934 may be they were however limited to certuin belts of China.In 1931 the Yangtze valley suffered from flood whereas north and south China experienced drought at the same time.In the same manner the dry belt of cen-tral China in 1934 was in coexistence with two wet belts.one in north China and one in south China.The reason for this opposition has been given by Prof.Coching Chu and the writer in elsewhere.
出处
《气象学报》
1936年第11期600-619,共20页
Acta Meteorologica Sinica
