摘要
双管阔沙蚕Platynereis bicanaliculata(Baird)是潮间带岩岸海藻根部和潮下带附着生物群落的优势种,在北太平洋分布很广,东岸由加拿大至墨西哥、夏威夷群岛,西岸由日本至我国的辽宁旅大,河北山海关、北戴河,山东蓬莱、烟台、乳山、青岛,浙江嵊山,福建平潭、东山,台湾以及广东汕尾、澳头和广西涠洲岛等地40个点都有分布。值得提出的是河北和山东的贻贝及海带养殖场,福建、广东的珠贝养殖场,在贻贝和海带的养殖绳、架、玻璃浮球和珍珠贝上的附着生物间都发现有大量双管阔沙蚕栖息,因此开展双管阔沙蚕生活史的研究,对潮间带和附着生物生态学研究,以及海藻和贝类养殖工作都有一定意义。
This paper presents the results of a study of the life history of Platynereis bicana-liculata(Baird).Platynereis bicanaliculata is most abundantly distributed in the rocky shore and fouling organisms of Chinese coast.The nereid is associated with some polychaetes:Phyllodoce castmea(Marenzeller),Halosydna nebulosa(Grube),Lepidonotus helotypus(Grube),Lepidonotus sagamiana(Izuka),Eunoe oerstedi Malmgren,Nereis multignatha Imajima et Hartman.The spawning season of Platynereis bicanaliculata in the Huanghai Sea(Yantai and Qingdao)was found to be in May-August,at water temperature of 16-24℃.The pelagic swarming worms was collected from Qingdao on the May 5th,1963.Artificial fertilization was performed in the laboratory.The sequence of the embryonic development of the zygote is summarized as follows.Age in hours Characteristicsor in days3 hours Two-cell stage(fig.3:C).4 hours Four-cell stage(fig.3:D).10 hours Early embryo stage(fig.3:E).24 hours Gastrua stage:Swimming encased in egg capsule(fig.3:F).60 hours Appearance of three pairs larval setae(tuft setae inside the body):length 0.17 mm(fig.3:G)3 days Three larval setigers:one pair of anal cirri;larva showed a negativephototropism;length 0.21 mm(fig.3:H).4 days Kemain three larval setigers:one pair of prostomial tentaeles;one pairof peristomial cirrus;pharynx appeared and jaws with three lateral teeth;length 0.23 mm(fig.3:I).11 days Four larval setigers:early palpi;jaws with four lateral teeth;length 0.27mm(fig.3:J).22 days Eemain four larval setigers:setae of first larval segment drop out,thesegement became peristomium and two pairs peristomial cirri;jaw with five lateral teeth;the larval cilia were entirely lost and was seen crawling on the bottom;length 0.37 mm(fig.3:L).26 days Five larval setigers:length 0.67 mm.40 days Eight larval setigers:three pairs peristomial cirri;length 1 mm.75 days Juvenile with 14 setigers:jaws with eight lateral teeth;four pairs peris-tomial cirri;length 2.5 mm(fig.3:M).90 days Juvenile with 29 setigers:jaws getting brown;parapodia have assumedadult morphology;length 6 mm.120 days Juvenile with 45 setigers:jaws still with eight lateral teeth;length 9 mm.150 days Juvenile with 63 setigers:at this stage the animal is able to constructsimple tubes of mucus and adhere to detritus of algae;length 18 mm.180 days Juvenile with 75 setigers:jaws with nine lateral teeth;length 25 mm.
作者
吴宝铃
孙瑞平
Wu Baoling(B.L.Wu);Sun Ruiping(Institute of Oceanology,Academia Sinica)
出处
《海洋与湖沼》
1981年第3期270-278,共9页
Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica
