摘要
氚来自自然界和核试验、核设备。在大气上层中,宇宙射线高能粒子与氧、氮作用而生成氚;热核试验在同温层中产生了大量的氚。氚原子通过光化学反应或交换反应,与氧结合成为氚标记水分子,与雨水一起降落到陆地、海洋。由于水的循环和转移,使江、河、湖、海及地下水中都含有一定量的氚。因此,环境中氚的测量日益受到重视。水文、地理和地质工作者已用测氚的峰值来研究地下水的居留时间、运动方式和贮量;在海洋学中利用测氚法来查明海面升降及洋流;氚法还可用于冰川分布的研究和环境污染等问题,也是气象学、化学、生物学和考古学等的重要研究手段之一。
A detergent-scintillation liquid mixture applied to measure low specific activity of tritium in natural water was studied.The DYS-1 low level liquid scintillation counter designed and manufactured by our institute was employed.In comparing the Triton X-100 scintillation liquid mixture with the dioxane-based-scintillation liquid,a better formula for Triton X-100 scintillation liquid mixture was determined,the mixture possesses the quality of high water content,high efficency and low background in measuring tritium in water.Chemiluminescence of the Triton X-100 scintillation liquid mixture can be totally deexcited in short time.It can be employed at ambient temperature 11—28℃.For 20 ml sample in quartz vials,counting efficency is 15%with a background 2.17 cpm,Y=31 T.U.(t=30min).
作者
李美芬
Li Meifen(Institute of Biophysics,Academia Sinica)
出处
《海洋与湖沼》
1983年第6期571-576,共6页
Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica
