摘要
国际社会基于《联合国工商企业与人权指导原则》要求加强企业气候问责的呼声日益高涨,作为企业人权尽责新维度的气候尽责已成为国际社会对企业气候责任的“重叠共识”与规范表达。气候尽责是所有类型的工商企业都应当依据具体情境持续开展的,以识别、防范、应对和披露气候风险和由此对人权带来的负面影响的机制,具有持续性、广泛性、情境性、科学性和双重性特征,包含制定气候政策、评估与应对气候风险、跟进应对措施、披露气候信息、采取补救措施。中国不仅多次在全球、区域和国内层面阐明规范企业气候责任的坚定立场,还通过一系列法律法规、政策文件敦促和要求中国企业履行气候责任,并建立了相对完善的企业气候侵权救济体系。虽然中国已初步建成符合联合国规范预期的“气候尽责”体系,但仍有必要进一步完善和加强实施现有规则,以推进我国企业气候责任法治化、规范化和系统化,使用国际社会乐于接受、易于理解的语言讲好应对全球气候危机、提升人权保障水平、加强企业气候问责的中国故事。
The international community,based on the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights(UNGPs),is increasingly calling for strengthened corporate climate accountability.Climate due diligence,as a new dimension of corporate human rights due diligence,has become an"overlapping consensus"and normative expression of the international community regarding corporate climate responsibilities.Climate due diligence is a mechanism that all types of businesses should continuously implement in light of specific contexts to identify,prevent,address,and disclose climate risks and the resulting negative impacts on human rights.It is characterized by continuity,extensiveness,contextuality,scientificity,and duality,and includes formulating climate policies,assessing and addressing climate risks,following up on response measures,disclosing climate information,and taking remedial actions.China has not only repeatedly clarified its firm stance on regulating corporate climate responsibilities at the global,regional,and national levels but also urged and required Chinese enterprises to fulfill their climate responsibilities through a series of laws,regulations,and policy documents,while establishing a relatively sound remedy system for corporate climate-related infringements.Although China has initially built a"climate due diligence"system that aligns with the normative expectations of the United Nations,it is still necessary to further improve and strengthen the implementation of existing rules.This will promote the legalization,standardization,and systematization of Chinese enterprises'climate responsibilities,and enable China to tell its story—on addressing the global climate crisis,enhancing human rights protection,and strengthening corporate climate accountability—in a language that the international community is willing to accept and easy to understand.
出处
《人权》
2025年第5期55-83,共29页
Human Rights
基金
兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“全球可持续治理的合法性问题研究”(项目批准号:2025lzujbkyqk018)阶段性成果。
关键词
工商业与人权
企业气候责任
人权尽责
气候尽责
Business and Human Rights
Corporate Climate Responsibility
Human Rights Due Diligence
Climate Due Diligence
