摘要
煤矿开采对矿区及其周边造成显著负面影响,导致植被覆盖率下降、水土流失等生态环境问题。为定量评价矿区生态修复措施实施前后土壤保持效果,以三道沟矿区为研究区,采用土壤侵蚀通用方程(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation,RUSLE)核算研究区土壤侵蚀与土壤保持量。结果表明:2018—2023年期间土壤侵蚀和土壤保持时空变化特征明显,研究区土壤侵蚀显著下降,极强和剧烈土壤侵蚀的面积由38.48km^(2)减小到14.39km^(2);土壤保持量持续上升,土壤保持量大于15t/(hm^(2)·a)的区域面积由43.48km^(2)上升到76.57km^(2);土壤保持量与植被覆盖度相关系数r=0.468,草地的土壤保持量最高,其次为耕地和林地。研究结果可为矿区生态治理提供阶段性评估依据,证明采取适宜的生态修复措施可有效改善矿区生态环境,促进矿区可持续发展。
Coal mining exerts significant negative impacts on mining areas and their surrounding regions,leading to ecological environmental issues such as reduced vegetation coverage and soil erosion.To quantitatively evaluate the soil conservation effects before and after the implementation of ecological restoration measures in mining areas,the Sandao Gou mining area was selected as the study area.The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)was employed to calculate soil erosion and soil conservation levels in the region.The results indicate that:The spatiotemporal characteristics of soil erosion and soil conservation in the study area were obvious.During the period from 2018 to 2023,soil erosion in the study area decreased significantly,with the area of severe and extremely severe soil erosion reducing from 38.48 km^(2)to 14.39 km^(2).Meanwhile,soil conservation levels continued to rise,and the area with soil conservation exceeding 15 t/hm^(2)•a increased from 43.48 km^(2)to 76.57 km^(2).The correlation between soil conservation and vegetation coverage is r=0.468.Grassland exhibits the highest soil conservation capacity,followed by cropland and forest land.The findings provide a phased assessment basis for ecological management in mining areas,demonstrating that appropriate ecological restoration measures can effectively improve the ecological environment and promote sustainable development in mining areas.
作者
何皓
苏显静
蔺楠
崔胜
陈海龙
胡荣明
HE Hao;SU Xianjing;LIN Nan;CUI Sheng;CHEN Hailong;HU Rongming(Environmental Engineering Evaluation Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100041,China;Xi'an Meihang Remote Sensing Information Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710199,China;College of Geomatics,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China)
出处
《西安科技大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期1231-1242,共12页
Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42261144749)
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024NC-YBXM-21)
陕西省秦创原矿山环境修复治理与智能化监测“科学家+工程师”队伍项目(2022KXJ-087)。
关键词
生态修复
土壤保持
RUSLE模型
时空分析
ecological restoration
soil conservation
RUSLE model
spatio-temporal analysis
