摘要
受“缺油,少气,相对富煤”能源资源禀赋制约,煤炭开发是中国能源安全的兜底保障。当前,煤炭开发中,碳排放增加、水资源损害和水质污染、生态环境损害等是制约煤炭工业高质量发展的“碳、水、环”三重约束难题,如何协调煤炭资源的安全开采和绿色开采,保障“碳达峰、碳中和”、生态文明建设和美丽中国的战略需求,成为煤炭工业高质量发展亟待破解的瓶颈。围绕煤炭开采地质条件演化和多圈层结构响应,提出了破解煤炭安全开采、环境保护和可持续发展问题的“6R”(可恢复“Recover”、可再用“Reuse”、可减损“Reduce”、可再储“Restore”、可循环“Recycle”、可再生“Renewable”)开发理念和煤矿区资源安全、绿色开采和减损地质保障的科学内涵和研究思路,主要内容包括:明晰煤炭开采地质条件的演化规律,厘清安全开采与绿色开采的关系,建立煤炭安全开采和绿色开采的协调机制,应用地质工程手段保障煤炭安全减损开采和绿色开采,形成煤炭开发、多资源利用、水土保护、生态屏障、土地安全等一体化的全链条调控策略和开发理念;基于安全开采和绿色开采协调的“碳、水、环”约束下煤炭开采区采动影响地质结构和地质条件功能再利用理念,建立基于煤炭开采区地质结构保护与煤炭安全、绿色开采的多方位、全时空监测-预测-预警体系,剖析减损开采的地质主控因素,提出关键岩层组合关系和隔水封闭层位的动态评价和保护与修复方法,形成基于关键岩层和隔水层损害程度、宏观裂隙形态与地下水导流能力控制的减损开采理论与模式;推进“煤炭安全、绿色开发→地质条件保护、修复、利用→资源再利用和可持续发展”全周期和全链条减损保障研究,通过开采调控、岩层控制、工程防治和修复重构,形成多圈层功能服务的煤矿区地质条件保护和重构技术及理论,打造“碳、水、环”约束下地质条件再利用的煤炭开采区“碳-水-生态-能源”的储蓄库,发展人地和谐和产业可持续开发模式。“碳、水、环”约束下的煤炭减损开采地质保障研究,服务于煤炭安全、绿色开采和地质环境保护、经济社会可持续发展,实现煤炭开采区地表生态和谐与地下空间功能利用,形成能源安全牵引、减碳低碳驱动、水资源和水环境保护、生态环境和谐下的煤矿区可持续发展的全链条开发减损地质保障格局。
Constrained by the energy resource endowment of“poor oil,less gas,and relatively rich coal”,coal mining is the bottom guarantee of China’s energy security.At present,in the mining of coal,the triple restriction of“Carbon-Water-Environment”,such as increased carbon emissions,water resource damage and water pollution,and ecological environment damage,which restricts the high-quality development of the coal industry.How to coordinate the safe and green mining of coal resources and support the strategic needs of“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”,ecological civilization construction,and the Beautiful China has become the bottleneck that needs to be urgently resolved for the high-quality development of the coal industry.Focusing on the evolution of geological conditions for coal mining and the response of multi-layer geological structures,the“6R”(Recover,Reuse,Reduce,Restore,Recycle and Renewable)safe and green mining and damage reduction geological guarantee connotation and research ideas for unlock the problems of safe coal mining,environmental protection and sustainable development are proposed.The main contents include:Elucidate the evolution law of geological conditions for coal mining,clarify the relationship between safe mining and green mining,establish a coordination mechanism for safe mining and green mining,apply geological engineering methods to support safe damage reduction mining and green mining,and form the entire chain of regulation measures and mining concepts integrating coal mining,multi-resource utilization,soil and water conservation,ecological barrier and land security.Based on the concept of functional reuse of the geological structure and geological conditions in the coal mining area affected by mining under the“Carbon-Water-Environment”constraints coordinated by safe mining and green mining,a multi-azimuth,full-time monitoring-prediction-early warning system were established based on the protection of geological structure and safety and green coal mining in coal mining areas,that can analyze the main geological factors of damage reduction,propose dynamic evaluation and protection and restoration methods for the combination relationship of key strata and aquicludes,and develop a theory and model of damage reduction based on the deformation degree,macro-fracture morphology and groundwater conductivity control of key strata and aquicludes.Promote research on damage reduction guarantee for the full cycle and entire chain of“coal safety and green mining→geological condition protection,restoration and utilization→resource recycling and sustainable development”.Form geological condition protection and reconstruction technologies and theories for coal mining areas with multi-layer functional services through mining regulation,strata control,engineering prevention and reconstruction,to create a“Carbon-Water-Ecology-Energy”reservoir for the reuse of geological conditions in coal mining areas under the constraints of“Carbon-Water-Environment”,and develop a model of harmonious human-land relations and sustainable industrial development.The research on geological guarantee for coal mining under the triple restriction of“Carbon-Water-Environment”serves the purposes of coal safety,green mining,geological environmental protection and sustainable economic and social development.It achieves ecological harmony on the surface and functional use of underground space in coal mining areas,forming the entire chain development of geological guarantee pattern for sustainable development of coal mining areas under the traction of energy security,driven by carbon reduction and low-carbon,protection of water resources and water environment,and ecological harmony.
作者
王双明
李识博
孙强
侯恩科
耿济世
师庆民
王生全
周书涛
郑鑫超
WANG Shuangming;LI Shibo;SUN Qiang;HOU Enke;GENG Jishi;SHI Qingmin;WANG Shengquan;ZHOU Shutao;ZHENG Xinchao(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;College of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Geological Research Institute for Coal Green Mining,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China)
出处
《西安科技大学学报》
北大核心
2025年第1期1-11,共11页
Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42330808)
陕西省“两链”融合重点专项项目(2023-LL-QY-05)。
关键词
“碳、水、环”三重约束
多圈层响应
减损机制
煤炭开采地质保障
全链条综合开发
triple restriction of“Carbon-Water-Environment”
multi-geosphere response
mechanism of damage reduction mining
geological guarantee for coal mining
comprehensive development of the entire chain
